Term
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Definition
If a test is positive, how likely is it that the person has the disease
specificity = TP/TP + FN
In other words, it's the percentage of people who tested positive who actually have the condition being tested for
TP + FN are people who actually have the dz, so sensitivity measures how likely a test is to find people who have the dz
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Term
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Definition
If a test is negative, how likely is it that the person does not have the dz
Specificity = TN/(TN + FP)
TN + FP are the people tested who do not have the condition tested for
So specificity is the percentage of a tested population without the condition who tested negative |
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Term
| Tests w/ high (sensitivity or specificity) are good for ruling conditions out? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tests w/ high (sensitivity or specificity) are good for ruling conditions in |
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Definition
Specificity
SPin a condition in |
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Term
| Positive Predictive value |
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Definition
The likelihood that a positive test result means that a person has the condition
PPV = TP/(TP + FP) |
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Term
| Negative Predictive Value |
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Definition
The likelihood that a negative test result means that a person does not have the condition
NPV = TN/(TN + FN) |
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Term
Studies that create a sample population based on an outcome use:
Odds ration/Relative Risk
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Definition
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Term
Studies that create a sample population based on an exposure or treatment use:
Odds ratio/Relative risk |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most common value in a distribution |
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Term
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Definition
AKA false positive
when the alternative hypothesis is taken to be true, but in actualaity the null hypothesis is true |
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Term
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Definition
The probability of making a type I error
or
the probability of finding something that this isn't really there
A commonly acceptable α is < the .5, so there is a less than 5% chance of finding a statistically significant difference. |
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Term
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Definition
AKA False negative
When the null hypothesis is accepted, but in actuality the alternative hypothisis is true |
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Term
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Definition
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false
Can be manipulated by sample size or compliance |
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Term
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Definition
A measure of likely a value obtained is true
If a value falls b/w the upper and lower limit of a 95% CI, then you can be sure that the value is correct 95% of the time
If the CI includes 0, then the null hypothesis is correct.
If the CI does not include 0 then the alternative hypothesis is correct |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to determine the difference b/w the mean of two groups of observation |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to determine the statistal difference b/w the mean values of 3 or more groups of observation |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to determine the statistical difference b/w two percentages or proportions |
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Term
| Measure of likelihood for a case-control study |
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Definition
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Term
| measure of likelood for cohort study |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
healthy volunteers
assess safety toxicity and pharmacokinetics |
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Term
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Definition
small number of pts w/ the disease of interest
assesses tx efficacy, optimal dosing and adverse effects |
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Term
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Definition
| large number of patients randomly assigned either to treatment under investigation or to the best available/placebo |
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Term
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Definition
The odds of having the dz in the exposed group divided by the odds of having the dz in the unexposed group.
= (a/b)/(c/d) = ad/bc |
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Term
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Definition
the probability of developing the dz in the exposed group divided the risk of developing the dz in the non-exposed group
= (a/a+b)/(c/c+d) |
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Term
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Definition
how much of the likelihood of getting the dz can be attributed to the exposure
the chance of developing the dz in the exposed group minus the chance of getting the dz in the unexposed group
= a/(a+b) - c/(c+d) |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced precision or reproducibility of a test |
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Term
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Definition
| lowers accuracy of a test |
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Term
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Definition
Spread then unspreading arms when startled
Normally disappears disappears by 3 months
Persists in cerebral palsy |
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Term
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Definition
toes fan up w/ plantar stimulation
disappears by 12-14 months
persists in neurological conditions |
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Term
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Definition
neeple seeking
disappears by 3-4 months |
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Term
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Definition
grasps anything that comes into contact w/ the palm
disappears by 2-3 months |
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Term
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Definition
| light sleep, theta waves, ~5% |
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Term
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Definition
Deeper sleep, bruxism, ~45%
sleep spindles and K complexes |
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Term
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Definition
deepest non-REM sleep; sleepwalking; night terrors; bedwetting (slow wave sleep) ~25%
Delta waves- lowest frequency, highest amplitude |
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Term
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Definition
Dreaming; loss of motor tone; possibly a memory processing function, erections, increase brain O2 use. ~25%
Beta waves |
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Term
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Definition
Decreases stage 4 sleep
useful for night terrors and sleep walking |
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Term
| What is imiprimine used for in reference to sleep and why |
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Definition
| It is used for enuresis because it decreases stage 4 sleep |
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Term
| Control of Circadian Rhythm |
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Definition
Carried about by suprachiasmic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus which secretes NE to stimulate the pineal gland to secrete melatonin
SCN controlled by environment (sunlight, e.g.) |
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