Term
| differentiate between efficacy, effectiveness and effieciency |
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Definition
efficacy: can it work? does it do what its expected to? (laboratory)
effectiveness: does it work? RCTs
Efficiency: is it worthwhile? (do beneifits outweigh costs?) |
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Term
| definition of epidemiology |
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Definition
| study of the FREQUENCY, DISTRIUBTION and DETERMINANTS of HEALTH and DISEASE in POPULATIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how limited resources can best be used to fulfill unlimited human wants. |
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Term
| how to make a decision when the outcome is known |
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Definition
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Term
| how to make a decision when the outcome is uncertain |
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Definition
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Term
| deffereinate macro and micro economics |
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Definition
macro: national/international polices
micro: farm or small business or personal level |
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Term
| 5 principles of decision making |
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Definition
- define the question/decions (draw the "box")
- consider the time frame (time value of money_
- collect the inputs
- dcide on technique (certainity or not)
- condier risk |
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Term
| deferintate revenue and expenses |
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Definition
revenue
- benefits
- the value of a human or animal at the end of an intervention
expenses
- cost |
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Term
| define risk. give two aspects of it. |
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Definition
risk is the possibility of loss
2 aspects:
- magnitude of bad outcome
- likelihood of bad outcome
we like to minimize chance that worst outcome will occur |
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Term
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Definition
- used to compare 2 or more programs when most inputs and outputs are KNOWN
-one option may be "do nothing"
- one option evaluted or compared to other (current) option- the baseline. |
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Term
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Definition
- used to compare 2 or more programs when most inputs and outputs are KNOWN
-one option may be "do nothing"
- one option evaluted or compared to other (current) option- the baseline. |
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Term
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Definition
- used to compare 2 or more programs when most inputs and outputs are KNOWN
-one option may be "do nothing"
- one option evaluted or compared to other (current) option- the baseline. |
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Term
| factors that go into decison making (6) |
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Definition
- gain
-cost (money, giving up other options)
- risk of adverse outcomes
- benefit (primory outcome - get better)
- cost (money- cost per dose; convince- treatments per day)
-risk of adverse outcomes - side effects |
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Term
| describe decision analysis |
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Definition
- used to compare values of 2 or more programs when some of the important inputs or outputs are NOT known
- decision tree |
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Term
| give definition of decions analysis |
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Definition
| systematic method of evalutating various future events, consequences of events, lieklihoods and of valuing the end points |
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Term
| steps in making a decision tree (5) |
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Definition
1. clearly define the decision
2. idenfity the chance outcomes from each option
3. identify probabilites of each outcome
4. assign value to each outcome
5. fold back tree to make decision |
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Term
| how do decision trees deal with uncertainty? |
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Definition
| vary inputs to see if small changes in inputs change the decision (senstivity analysis) |
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Term
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Definition
extreme outcome (death), even when asscoiated with a small probability, can be unpalatable to the owner/client.
risk attitudes and perceptions can over-rule a sound quantitaive decision. |
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Term
| list the 6 strengths of decision trees: |
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Definition
1. CLARITY of committing decision to paper
2. breaks down COMPLEX PROBLEMS into simple ones
3. identifies areas of LIMITED KNOWLEDGE
4. demonstrate effects of CHANGING INPUTS
5. defines outcomes in COMMON TERMS
6. useful to COMMUNICATE difficult decisions |
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Term
| list the 5 limitations of decision trees |
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Definition
1. requires considerable time and effort
2. requires asssumptions (accuracy?)
3. generates AVERAGE expected values
4. can be difficult to account for risk
5. doesn't always produce an obvious choice |
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