Term
| What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| All living things are composed of cells; Cells are the basic units of life and functioninliving things, all cells are produced from other cells. |
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Term
| What is the difference between eukayote and parokaryote? Give an example of each. |
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Definition
| an eukaryote has a nucleus while a prokaryote doesnt. Ex. Protists are eukaryotes, because bateria are parokaroyes because they lack a nucleus. |
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Term
| How do unicellular and multicellular organisms differ? |
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Definition
| Unicellular only has one cell Ex. bacteria & most protists, Multicellular has many cells Ex. Humans have trillions of cells. |
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Term
| What are things that are made of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What are things that are not made of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Cell mebrane structure, and function |
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Definition
| it is selectively permeable and controls different types of substances that come into the cell. |
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Term
| Explain the Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure and fucntion |
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Definition
| carries proteins and other materials to together parts of the cell |
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Term
| Explain the Golgie Body Structure and Function. |
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Definition
| looks likes flattened tubes, receives proteins & other materials, packages them, & sends them to other parts of the cell. |
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Term
| Explain the Lysosome structure and function. |
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Definition
| small round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell. |
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Term
| Explain the Cell Wall structure, and function |
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Definition
| protects and supports the cell |
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Term
| Explain the Vacuole structure and function. |
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Definition
| water-filled sacs are storage areas for the cell. |
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Term
| Explain The Cytoplasm structure, and function. |
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Definition
| includes gel-like fluid located on the outside of the nucleus and regulates the movement within the cell. |
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Term
| Exlpain the Nucleus structure and function. |
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Definition
| Directs all the cell's activities. |
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Term
| Explain the Chloroplast structure and function. |
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Definition
| green and captures energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. |
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Definition
| Plant cells have chloroplasts & cell wall while animal cells do not. |
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Term
| Explain how scientist Hooke contributed to the cell theory. |
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Definition
| first to observe cells, bilt his own compound microscope, observed the structure of a cork. |
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Term
| Explain how scientist Schleiden contributed to the cell theory. |
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Definition
| concluded that all pants are made of cells |
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Term
| explain how scientist Schwann contributed to the cell theory. |
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Definition
| concluded that all living things are made of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane, process by which molecules move from a lower area of concentration to an area higher concentration. Ex: Perfume sprayed at one area of a romm will eventually spread throughout the room. |
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Term
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Definition
| The diffusion of water through aa selectively permeable membrane/ Cells cannot function without water so they depend on osmomis for growth and survival. |
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Term
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Definition
| requires cells to use its own energy to move materials throug a cell while passive transport does not. |
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Term
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Definition
| materials pass through cell membrane without using cell's energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which plant cells captures energy fromt eh sun and vonverts it into food. the product of photosynthesis is sugar and oxygen. |
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Term
| Explain cellular respiration. |
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Definition
opposite of photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in animal cells that produce water and Co2
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Term
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Definition
| 1st stage of cell division, cell grows in size, contain centrioles |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd stage of cell divison, centrioles move to opposite sides of the bucleus to form chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
3rd phase, chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
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Term
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Definition
| 4th phase, chromatids separate |
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Term
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Definition
| 5th phase, Chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rold-like appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th phase, the cell splits and 2 daughter cells are produced. |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease where cells grow and divide uncontrollably. scientists believe it is caused by mutatiions due to damaged DNA. |
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Term
| what is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph? |
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Definition
| autotrophs make their own foodd while heterotrophs do not. |
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Term
Paramecium, amoeba, euglena, volvox
Are they unicellular or multicellular?
Autotroph or heterotroph
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Definition
They are unicellular
They are heteotrophs |
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Term
| How are viruses and living cells different and similar? |
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Definition
| Virus cells do not have nucleus like living cells therefore that have to invade a living cell that it can be multiplied |
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Term
how are bacteria helpful and harmful to humans?
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Definition
| helpful bacteria that lives in our intestines help us to digest food, some bacteria are used to make medicines while others break down trash. harmful bacteria that live in the feces of animals such as salomenella & E. Coli infect people and make them very sick. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the size, shape, and structure of bacteria and viruses. |
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Definition
| Bacteria and virus cells do not contain a nucleus and rely on a host cell to multiply. virus cells are smaller than bacteria cells bacteria can survive on surfaces at room temperature, virus cells can not. |
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Term
| what is the flu? How is it contracted? |
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Definition
| Flu is a virus and is airborne. When someon sneezes or coughs the virus cell can travel for miles before it finds a host. |
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Term
| Explain how contagious Diseases spread and give examples. |
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Definition
| Contagious and Infectious diesease can spread though cantact by another person , a contaminate object, an infected animal , or an enviromental soruce such as polluted water. |
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Term
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Definition
An animal that carries an transmit disease
Ex: raccon w/ Rabies |
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Term
What is avaccine and how does it work? ?
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Definition
| A sunstance that is entered into the body to simulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses & bacteria. |
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Term
| What is an antibiotic and how does it work? |
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Definition
| a chemical that can kill bacteria without harming cells. |
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Term
| list factors that can increase the spread of a disease. |
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Definition
| Sneeze, sharing contaminated object, drinking after someone, mosquito bites, undercooked meat and eggs, not washing hands. |
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Term
| What does antiobiotic resistance mean? |
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Definition
| The ability of bacteria to witchstand antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In which fields of work is biotechnology used? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 5 different types of fossils? |
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Definition
| Molds&Casts, Petrified Fossils, Carbon Films, Trace Fossils,preserved fossils in amber, tar or ice |
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Term
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Definition
| a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism that is buried in sediment. |
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Term
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Definition
| solid copy of the shape of an organism |
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Term
| How are petrified fossils formed |
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Definition
| minerals replace all or part of an organism |
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Term
| How is carbon film formed |
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Definition
| thin coating of carbon on rock. The organism becomes a gas when it is buried in sediment and leaves carbon film behind. |
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Term
| How are trace fossils formed |
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Definition
| provide evidence of the activities of an ancient organism like a foot print. the footprint was buried in sediment and became solid rock. |
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Term
| What is a paleontologist? |
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Definition
| a scientist that studies fossils |
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Term
| What is the fossil record? |
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Definition
| It provides evidence about the history of life and past enviroments on earth. also shows how organisms have changed over time. |
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Term
| What is the difference between absolute age and relative age? |
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Definition
Absolute age: the number of years since the rock formed(correct age).
Relative Age: the age that is compared to the age of other rocks(position in the rock layers). Example: My absolute is 13. My relative age would be between 12 and 15 |
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Term
| What is radioactiv dating? |
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Definition
| use to determine the absolute age of rocks. they look at how much the atoms ofone element break down to form atoms of another element. this done in igneous rock. the rate at which the atoms decay calculate the rock's age. |
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Term
| Define the law of superposition. Why is this important? |
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Definition
| This law states that in horizontal rock layers the oldest is at the bottom. Each layer higher is younger than the one below it. use this to find rock's relative age. |
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Term
What is the difference between intrusions and extrusions?
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Definition
Intrusions: Magma Pushes into bodies of rock. it is ALWAY YOUNGER than the rock layers around and beneath it.
Extrusion: Lava that hardens on the surface. it is always younger than extrusion below it. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gap or missing layer(of rock) in the geologic record from erosion. |
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Term
| What is an index fossil? and why are they important |
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Definition
| index fossils helps scientists match rock layers. It is a fossil that is weidely distributed and it represented a type or organism that existed briefly. they are important because they tel the relative ages of the rock layers in which they occur. |
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Term
| How do ice layers show the history of earth's climate? |
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Definition
| Gases and particles of dus trapped in the snow forming the layers in the cores continuosly preserces samples of the atmosphere and these can be analyzed to provide a record of the climate prevailing as each layer was deposited. |
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Term
| How is the theory of evolution shown in the biological area? |
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Definition
| species have changed over time from a one-celled organism/bacteria to the variety or species we have today(animals, humans, etc.) |
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Term
| How is the theory of evolution shown in the Geological area? |
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Definition
| the continents have moved rom a supercontinent (pangea) to form 7 new continents. |
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Term
| How is the theory of evolution shown in the technological area? |
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Definition
| we now have a variety of technologies today, computers, cell phones, versus what we had 50 years ago. |
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Term
| What is the geologic timescale? |
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Definition
| a record of the life forms and geologic events in Earths history. |
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Term
| What is a mass extinction? |
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Definition
| many types of living things became extinct at the same time. |
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Term
| what are some causes for of mass exticntion.? |
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Definition
| floods, climate changes, impact of objects from space. |
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Term
| What is the underlying cause of all natural species extinctions? |
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Definition
| Certain traits help a species survive by adapting to the enviroment in lives in. if a species lacks these good mutations or traits, it can become extinct. |
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Term
| Describe the two plate boundaries |
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Definition
Divergent plate boundary: oceanic plates pull apart magma rises which is called sea-floor spreading.
Convergent plate boundary: comes together.
1. oceanic plates- one plate goes under the other and it melts and becomes magma. 2. continental plates, creates mountains. |
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Term
| What is mechanical weathering? |
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Definition
| PHYSICAL BREAKDOWN of rock by wind, water,ice, plant roots. |
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Term
| What is chemical weathering? |
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Definition
| CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN of ock through chemical reactions like acid rain. |
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Term
| What is the difference between weathering and erosion? |
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Definition
| WHEATERING is breaking downof rocks into sediment, erosion is moving sediment. |
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Term
| what does a topgraphic map show? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain remote sensing technology? |
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Definition
| takes photos by satellite to study changes on earth. |
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Term
| what is spectral analysis? |
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Definition
| lookinat the wavelengths of solar energy bring reflected from earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| scientists work on the ground to correct mistakes mad eby satellites. |
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Term
| What is a reflective curve? |
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Definition
| a graph representation of visible light and infrared energy relected by earth's surface. |
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Term
| What is the difference between sublimation, condensation, and evaportaion? |
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Definition
| Sublimation-solid to liquid, condensation- gas to liquid, evaportaion- liquid to gas. |
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Term
Give the density formula. then solve for density in this problem
Density=?
Mass=17g
Volume=125cm3 |
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Definition
D=M/V
D=17g/125cm3= 0.136g/cm3 |
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Term
what does the law of conservation of mass state? if you have 14g of baking soda and you combine it with 12g of vinegar, what will the mass of the product be?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the thickness of a liquid |
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Term
| Which has the highest viscosity and tell why. (water, vinegar, soda, syrup) |
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Definition
| Syrup, becauseit is the thickest. |
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Term
Whats the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?
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Definition
The independent variable can be maipulated(changed). The dependent Variable DEPENDS on the independent variable.
Ex: if i add paperclips to the wings of the paper aiplane, then it well not fly as far.
Independent: Paper clips
Dependent: The distance the plane flies. |
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Term
| Define Synthetic element and give an example. |
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Definition
Synthetic elements are man-made.
Ex: uranium |
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Term
| Name the 4 physical properties of a metal and escribe each property. |
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Definition
Malleable- can be pounded into sheets Ex. Aluminum,
Ductile- can be pulle dinto wire Ex. Coppe Wire
Conductivity- the ability to transfer heat/ electricity to aother object Ex. all metals are good conductors of heat
Metalloids- are semi-conductors, non-metals are not conductive SHININESS- how shiny a metal is. |
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Term
| Name a chemical property of metals |
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Definition
Reactivity- how quickly a metal will bond with another element.
Ex: FeO (Iron Oxide) Iron reacts with oxygen to produce rust. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a metalloid and a nonmetal? |
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Definition
| Metalloids are both metals and non-metals and are simi-conductors with can transfer a little heat to anothe robject. Non-metals are not conductors of heat. |
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Term
| Describe the difference between a physical change and chemical change and give an example of each |
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Definition
Physical change- includes hardness,texture, color, and the phase chages of matter of solid, liqui and gas. Ex. Ice melting
chemical change- is the change of a sunstance to a different substance because or reactivity. ex. burning wood- the fire reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| what is the difference between an electron, neutron and proton? |
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Definition
| electrons have negative charges and orbitys around the nucleus of an atom that contains protons&neutrons. Protons have positve charges. Neutrons are neutral having no charge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything hat has mass and takes up space |
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Term
| What do the dots around the atomic symbol in a lewis dot diagram represent? |
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Definition
| Calence electrons are located on the outer most shell of an atom and ae the number of electrons that are ained or lost in a chemical reaction. Ex. Oxygen has a otal of 8 electrons but ony has 6 valence electrons on the outer shell fo an atom. |
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Term
| Whats the difference between electrons and valence electrons? |
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Definition
| Valence electrons are located on the outer most shell of an atom and are thenumber of eletrons that are gained or lost in a chmical reaction. ex. oxygen has a total of 8 electrons but oly has 6 valence electrons on the outer shell of an atom |
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Term
| What is a carcinogen and what group of diseases are they responsible for causing? |
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Definition
| a carcinogen is a substance that causes cancers. |
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Term
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Definition
| DDT was an insecticide able to dissolve in water nd absorbed by micoscoic algae. it eventually made its way through te food web becomng extremely harmful to the environment. the larger the organism the larger amounts of DDT consumed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a polar molecule has positive and negative charges that are attracted to one another like a magnet. |
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Term
| How can you tell if a sunstance is polar or nonpolar? |
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Definition
| polar molecules dissolve in water and nonpolar molecules do not. |
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Term
| What is caplillary action? |
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Definition
| the force of molecules attracted to each othe that allows water molecules to move through surrounding material. |
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Term
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Definition
| water molecules attracted to one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tightness across the surface of water. |
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Term
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Definition
theability of sunstances to heat up. a sunstance with low specific heat warms up faster than a substance eith high specific heat.
EXAMPLE lead ahs a lower specific heat than Iron and will heat up faster than iron. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of an object to float |
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Term
| explain the 3 stages of the water cycle. |
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Definition
| Evaporation, Condensation , Precipitation. |
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Term
| What is the source of energy for the water cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the Earth's water is salt and fresh? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the majority of the Earth's fresh water stored |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| water that flows over surface of the ground |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The land area that supplies water to rivers called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a coastal inlet or bay with a mix of fresh and salt water. also known as brackish water. |
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Term
| what does a topgraphic may show? |
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Definition
| Elecation(height above sea level), Relief (the difference of elevation between high and low lands), landforms. |
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Term
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Definition
| lines on a map that connect equal elevations. when the lines are spread out the flatter the land. When lines are closer together it represents a steeper slope |
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Term
| What are countour intervals? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can yu find the top of a mountain on a topographic map? |
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Definition
| The smallest circle on the map represents a mountain. |
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Term
| What is a solute and solvent? |
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Definition
Solute is teh subsance being dissolve
Sovent is the substance that dissolves another substance. Ex: sugar(solute) and Water(solvent) |
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