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EOC Review- Goal 1
EOC Review from Study Guide
37
Other
10th Grade
01/03/2011

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Term
New England Colonies
Definition
Region known for shipbuilding
Term
Southern Colonies
Definition
Region known for agriculture, farming & plantations
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
Peaceful transfer of power (showed power of Partliament)
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
Limited the power of the English King & included rights such as trial by jury
Term
Town Meetings
Definition
Evidence of direct democracy today in some New England towns
Term
Mayflower Compact
Definition
social contract among a group (1st direct democracy in America & example of self-government)
Term
House of Burgesses
Definition
1st representative democracy in America (example of self-government)
Term
Northwest Ordinance
Definition
orderly method for joining new states to the union (only good thing passed under the AOC)
Term
Puritans
Definition
religious group who wanted to purify the Anglican church
Term
Social Contract Theory
Definition
theory by John Locke that people are born with natural rights & agree to follow government rules in exchange for government protection
Term
John Locke
Definition
Philosopher who influenced Thomas Jefferson & the Declaration of Independence
Term
Shays Rebellion
Definition
proved America needed a new plan for a central government to replace the AOC (breaking point)
Term
Salutary Neglect
Definition
Britain ignoring the colonists (caused them to self-govern)
Term
French & Indian War
Definition
War that created the debt Britain wanted the colonists to pay for with taxes
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
protest against taxes by colonists (dumped tea into harbor)
Term
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
Definition
Encouraged colonists to break away from Britain immediately and declare independence
Term
Great Compromise
Definition
Combined the Virginia and New Jersey plans at the Convention to create a plan for government
Term
Establishment Clause
Definition
Part of 1st Amendment- government may not establish an official religion
Term
Anarchy
Definition
No system of laws or government
Term
Federalism
Definition
Division of government power between the federal and national governments
Term
Civic Duty
Definition
Things that are required by law (paying taxes, obeying laws, jury duty) also involves punishment
Term
Civic Responsibility
Definition
Things that you should do (voting, volunteering) there is no punishment for not doing them
Term
Lack of representation in Parliament
Definition
Main cause of Revolutionary War
Term
Boycott
Definition
Refusal to buy goods (How the colonists reacted to the Stamp Act & other taxes)
Term
Melting Pot Theory
Definition
Theory that cultures have become blended in America & people have lost their identity
Term
Tossed Salad Theory
Definition
When America is described as diverse and people have retained their cultural identity
Term
Baron de Montesquieu
Definition
Philosopher who believed in separation of powers & the best way to limit power was among 3 branches
Term
Proclamation Act of 1763
Definition
Caused colonists to resent Britain for limiting their westward expansion
Term
3/5 Compromise
Definition
Plan at the convention about how slaves would be counted
Term
Stamp Act
Definition
Colonists reacted to this early tax by boycotting British goods (dealt with paper)
Term
E Pluiribus Unum
Definition
Means "Out of many, One"; examples would be America united, not segregated (violation would be building separate buildings for ethnic groups)
Term
To prevent abuse by one branch of government
Definition
The purpose of separation of powers
Term
Weak Central Government
Definition
Reason why the Article of Confederation (AOC) did not work
Term
Taxation
Definition
British policy that was a problem for the colonists
Term
Both were denied the right to vote at one time
Definition
What early colonists and Washington, D.C. residents had in common
Term
Maryland Toleration Act
Definition
Early colonial act that gave colonists religious freedom
Term
Federal govt gained the power to tax
Definition
Weakness under the AOC that was corrected by the Constitution
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