Term
| Name the six classes of enzymes (plus 1) |
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Definition
1. Oxidoreductases
2. Transferases
3. Hydrolases
4. Lyases
5. Isomerases
6. Ligases
7. Translocases |
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Term
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Definition
| oxidize or reduce substrates, transfer of electron (hydride ions or H atoms) |
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Term
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Definition
| group transfer reactions (transfer groups between molecules) |
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Term
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Definition
| cleave bonds with water (transfer of functional groups to water) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cleavage of CC, CO, CN, or other bonds by elimination, cleaving double bonds or rings, or addition of groups to double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of groups within molecules to yield isomeric forms (catalyze intra-molecular rearrangements) |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyze the joining of two molecules (formation of CC, CS, CO, and CN bonds by condensation reactions coupled to cleavage of ATP or similar cofactor) |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyze movement of molecules or ions |
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Term
| Three characteristics/functions of enzymes |
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Definition
1. increase rate of reaction (not equilibrium)
2. Reduces activation energy
3. Unchanged by the reaction |
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Term
| What factors impact catalysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general impact of temperature on the rate of reaction? |
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Definition
| the reaction rate will double for every 10C increase in T |
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Term
| What happens to catalysis if the pH changes? |
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Definition
-activity loss due to denaturation and ionization of catalytic residues
-protein structure is usually maintained over broader pH range than enzymatic reaction rate |
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Term
| What are some additional factors that can be required for catalysis? |
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Definition
cofactors
coenzymes
prosthetic groups
holoenzyme
apoenzyme/apoprotein |
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Term
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Definition
| usually inorganic ions that are required for the enzyme to work |
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Term
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Definition
| complex organic or metal-organic molecules, bind to the active site of the enzyme and help the enzyme work |
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Term
| What the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme? |
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Definition
| both activate enzyme, though cofactors are usually inorganic molecules that are required to be present whereas coenzymes are organic and bind with the enzyme |
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Term
| What are prosthetic groups? |
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Definition
| subset of cofactors that are actually involved in the catalytic mechanism and required for activity |
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Term
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Definition
| an apoenzyme with its cofactor, active |
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Term
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Definition
| inactive enzyme, requires a cofactor |
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Term
| What are some regulations for enzymes? |
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Definition
| phosphorylation and glycosylation |
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