Term
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Definition
| -Globular proteins that act as a biological catalyst |
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Term
| Enzymes exhibit catalytic effect on substances known as... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Metallic elements that help activate enzyme
Ex: Iron and Zinc |
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Term
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Definition
vitamin-derived molecules who participate directly in the reaction
ex. NAD and FAD |
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Term
| What are prosthetic groups? |
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Definition
A tightly bound non-protein portion of the enzyme
ex. Heme |
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Term
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Definition
Enzymes that differe in amino acid sequence but catalyze similar physiological reactions
(frequently found within the body and measures in the lab) |
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Term
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Definition
| basically subclasses of isoenzymes...very similar and differ by usually 1 amino acid |
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Term
| Factors that affect the enzyme during an enzymatic reaction: |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors that affect the rate of enzyme-substrate binding |
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Definition
- Concentration of enzyme
- Concentration of substrate
- Substrate specificity
- Time
- Inhibitors
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Term
| What is a competitive inhibitor? |
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Definition
Inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme, preventng the binding of the substrate.
(inhibitor and substrate cannot bind to the enzyme at the same time) |
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Term
| What is a non-competetive inhibitor? |
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Definition
| inhibitor binds to the enzyme; reducing its activity with the substrate but does not affect the binding of the substrate |
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Term
| What is an uncompetitive enzyme? |
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Definition
| binds to the enzyme-substrate complex |
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Term
| What does an irreversible inhibitor do? |
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Definition
| covalently modifies an enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
activators bind to enzymes and allow them to function appropriately
(Some enzyme active sites are not configured appropriately and need to have their shape rearranged to allow for E-S complex formation) |
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Term
| What is the reaction catalyzed by Oxidoreductases? |
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Definition
| Transfer of hydrogen and oxygen atoms or electrons from one substrate to another |
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Term
| What are some examples of oxidoreductases? |
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Definition
- Dehydrogenases
- Lactate Dehydrogenase
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- Oxidases
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Term
| What reaction is catalyzed by the Transferases? |
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Definition
| Transfer of a specific group (phosphate, methyl etc..) from one substrate to another |
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Term
| What are some examples of Transferases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reaction catalyzed by hydrolases? |
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Definition
| Hydrolysis of a substrate |
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Term
| What are some examples of hydrolases? |
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Definition
- Estrases
- Digestive Enzymes
- ALP
- ACP
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Term
| What reaction is catalyzed by isomerases? |
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Definition
| Change of the moleculer form of the substrate |
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Term
| What reaction is catalyzed by Lyases? |
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Definition
| nonhydrolytic removal of a group or addition of a group to a substrate |
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Term
| What are some examples of lyases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reaction catalyzed by ligases? |
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Definition
| Joining of two molecules by the formation of new bonds |
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Term
| In first order kinetics, the velocity of product formation is based up: |
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Definition
| Enzyme concentration and substrate concentration |
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Term
| In zero order kinetics, velocity of product formation is based upon: |
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Definition
Enzyme concentration only
NOT substrate |
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Term
| The michaelis-menton equation determines velocity of reaction based on... |
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Definition
| substrate concentration, Vmax, and affinity of substrate to enzyme |
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Term
| What affect does a competitive inhibitor have on an enzyme reaction? |
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Definition
Km: increases
Vmax: remains unchanged |
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Term
| What affect does a noncompetitive inhibitor have on a reaction? |
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Definition
Km: remains unchanged
Vmax: is decreased |
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Term
| What affect does a uncompetitive inhibitor have on a reaction? |
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Definition
Km: decreased
Vmax: decreased |
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Term
| What type of inhibitor is present? [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of inhibitor is present? [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of inhibitor is present? [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| When the temperature of a reaction is too low it will cause a falsely ______ result |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 ways to determine concentration of an enzyme? |
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Definition
- Look for an increase in concentration of product
- Look for the change in concentration of a coenzyme (NADH->NAD+)
- Look for decrease in substance concentration
- Coupled reactions
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Term
| What is an endpoint assay? |
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Definition
allows the reaction to move forward and only measure at one time point
(Does not account for inhibitors that can prolong lag phase or activators that can speed up substrate depletion) |
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Term
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Definition
"continuous monitoring"
check absorbance at varying intervals
(Checks for inhibitors, more math involved though) |
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