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Proteins which act as catalysts
(aren't changed themselves) and lower the energy barrier of rections. Very small amounts are needed because they are resuable. |
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| The amount of energy that reactants must absorb to start a chemical reaction. Without it, reactions would take place at once and be used up instantly. |
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| A substance that the enzyme acts upon. Enzyme are specific and act only on the appropriate substrates. Names from enzymes are derived from substrates- for example, sucrase acts on substrate sucrose. |
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| the small place where the enzyme binds to the substrate. |
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| Enzymes have optimal conditions. High temperature can denature (change their shape) them, highly salty environments bad as well. There are optimal pHs- usually between 6 and 8. |
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| lock and key; induced fit |
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| many enzymes require cofactors to work, often vitamins. coenzymes- type of cofactor that is an organic molecule. |
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| 2000-3000 different enzymes in each cell. Subject to regulation by feedback control and other mechanisms. Production directly controlled by genes; many genetic diseases are caused by faulty enzyme systems. |
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| a bogus molecule that is close enough to the shape of the true substrate will fit into the active site. Once locked into position, the blocker prevents the true substrate from getting into position. Active site is blocked. |
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| prevent enzymes from fitting |
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| non-competitive inhibition |
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| other inhibitors latch not to active site but to some part of the enzyme close to the active site, changing the shape of the active site. can be reversible or irreversible; needed to slow down reactions if needed. |
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