Term
All chemical processes that occur in a living organism |
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| Measure of disorder or randomness |
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| A quantity of energy that interrelates entropy (S) and the system's total energy (H); symbolized by G |
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it just moves |
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Definition
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS |
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| Principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe |
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Definition
| SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS |
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Term
| The transfer of energy in cellular metabolism from processes that yield energy to processes that consume energy |
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| Protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process |
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| Enzyme that reduces the amount of energy to start a reaction |
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| Amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start |
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| Any substance that enzymes work with or act upon |
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| Part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate molecule attaches; typically, a pocket or groove on an enzyme's surface |
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| Once a substrate fits in the active site, the enzyme tightens around it |
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| Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme |
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| An organic molecule serving as a cofactor |
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| A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structire it mimics |
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| A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate |
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Definition
| NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITORS |
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Term
| Process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific shape and hence function |
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| A method of metabolic control in which the end-product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway |
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| Constructive metabolism; the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones |
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| Destructive metabolism; the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy |
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| Energy releasing processes that "generate" energy |
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| Reactions that require energy to initiate the reaction |
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| The place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind, thus changing the shape of the enzyme and influencing its ability to be active |
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| A reaction that can simply "occur” |
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Definition
| SPONTANEOUS CHEMICAL REACTION |
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