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Enzymes in Nucleotide and Amino Acid Metabolism
enzymes
32
Biochemistry
Post-Graduate
07/21/2012

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Term
PRPP
Definition
Activated sugar
De novo purine synthesis: glutamine’s amid nitrogen is added to an activated from of ribose-5-phosphate

HGPRT causes an accumulation

produced from PPP
Term
Nucleoside diphosphatases
Definition
Addition of second phosphate
Term
Kinase
Definition
Addition of first phosphate; specific to type of nucleotide
Term
Nucleoside phosphorylases
Definition
Salvage pathways: convert free bases to nucleosides by the addition of ribose
Term
Nucleoside kinase
Definition
Salvage pathway: add a phosphate group to a nucleoside by the addition of a ribose-phosphate
Term
Phosphoribosyl transferases
Definition
Salvage pathway: converts bases directly into nucleotides by the addition of a ribose-phosphate
Ex. HGPRT
Term
HGPRT
Definition
Lesch-Nyan Syndrome:
Lack of HGPRT
accumulation of PRPP
Term
Uridine monophosphate kinase
Definition
De novo pyrimidne: produces UDP
Term
Nucleoside diphosphaste kinase
Definition
De novo pyrimidine synthesis: produces UTP
Term
CPS II
Definition
De novo pyrimidine: carries out the first step in eukaryotes
inhibitor: UDP and UTP
Activated by ATP
Term
ATCase
Definition
De novo pyridine: carries out the first step in prokaryotes
inhibitor: CTP and UTP; activated by ATP
Term
Orate phosphribosyltransferase
Definition
Orotic Aciduria: catalyzes the condensation of oroate with PRPP
Term
OMP decarboxylase
Definition
Orotic Aciduria: catalyzes the conversion of OMP to UMP
Term
UMP synthase
Definition
Orotic Aciduria: combination of orate phosphoribosyltransferase and OMP decarboxylase
Term
Ribonucleotide reductase (RR)
Definition
Production of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides: reduction takes place at 2’ carbon position such that an OH is replaced with an H
*only works at diphosphate level
Term
Thymidilate synthesis
Definition
a methyl group is added to carbon 5 of the uracil base
inhibitor: fDUMP - lethal synthesis – rx (cancer therapy)
Term
Diphosphoydrolase
Definition
Preliminary reaction: catalyzes thymidilaite synthesis
Term
DHFR
Definition
Recharging of cofactor THF from DHF
inhibitor: Methotextrate – rx (cancer therapy)
Term
Purine nuceloside phosphorylase
Definition
Uric acid formation: removal of ribose
Term
Adeonosine deaminase
Definition
SCID: lack of ADA
Term
Xanithine oxidase
Definition
Purine Nucleotide Degradation: converts hypoxanithine to xanithine and xanithine to uric acid
Gout: allopurionols is an hypoxanithine analog that inhibits xanithine oxidase
inhibitor: allopurinol
Term
Amidophosphoribosyl transferase
Definition
Purine de novo synthesis: first committed step
Term
Nitrogenase
Definition
Nitrogen fixation: only seen in bacteria; converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
Term
Proteases
Definition
Cleaves bonds in amino acids to separate amino acids
Term
Eneteropeptidase
Definition
Secreted by the lining of the small intestine and converts one of the zymogens (trypsinogen) into active typsin
Term
Ubiqutin ligase
Definition
E3 in proteasome: picks what protein gets ubiquinated to be degraded by proteasome (phosphoryation, N-terminus, and etc.)
Term
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
Definition
only reaction where inorganic nitrogen can be incorporated into an amino acid as the alpha amino group; converts alpha-ketogluterate to glutamate; removes oxygen and replaces with an amino group
Term
Transaminase
Definition
glutamate → alpha-ketogluterate;
oxaloacetate → aspartate;
transferring of amino groups
Term
Asparagine synthetase
Definition
uses glutamine; makes asparagine from aspartate
Term
Glutamine synthetase
Definition
puts on second amino group; comes from inorganic nitrogen; only place where inorganic nitrogen can come into amino acid on side chain
Term
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Definition
Adds a hydroxyl group to the phenylalanine side chain ring to produce tyrosine
Term
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CSPI)
Definition
Activates nitrogen to enter into the urea cycle; 2 ATP; activated by high concentrations of glutamate
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