Term
|
Definition
| proteins that are a catalyst of biochemical reactions. Enzymes are not permanently changed by the chemical reactions they catalyze |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reactant that binds to an enzyme and it will be converted into a product. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final molecule(s) that result from the enzyme catalyzed biochemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of product produced per unit of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the region of the enzyme where the substrate binds and the biochemical reaction occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some enzymes require an additional non-protein prosthetic group to function (same as complex protein). The polypeptide portion of such an enzyme is called the apoenzyme. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (non-protein portion) are ions or smaller organic molecules needed for the activity of specific enzymes. Some cofactors include metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (non-protein portion) are organic molecules derived from niacin, riboflavin, and other water soluble vitamins. They are needed for the activity of specific enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the complete enzyme-cofactor complex that gives full catalytic activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| materials that reduce the catalytic activity of an enzyme. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inactive enzyme precursor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structurally related protein products of different genes that catalyze the same biochemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biochemical reactions that share a common intermediate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes the transfer of groups such as amino, carboxyl, glucosyl, and methyl. This does not include water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catalyze hydrolysis reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catalyzes the covalent bonding of two molecules coupled with the hydrolysis of high energy bonds in ATP or similar compund. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catalyzes the introconversion of structures or geometric changes in a molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catalyzes the formation of double bonds or reactions involving double bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digests starches to disaccharides (two simple sugars) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further digests dietary fats into fatty acids and glycerol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in the emulsification process of lipid absorption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can either preak specific peptide bonds depending on the amino acid sequence of a protein, or break down a complete peptide to amino acide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an alkaline secretion which neutralizes the acitid gastric juice as it enters the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibitors that directly compete with the substrate for binding within the enzyme active site. |
|
|
Term
| Noncompetitive inhibitors |
|
Definition
| weakly bind to an allosteric regulatory site on the enzyme such as a cofactor binding site. Does not compete with substrate for active site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the principle pigment in bile derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a complication of many liver diseases that is characterized by abnormal structure and function of the liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discharge of waste from an organ (Liver). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which substances are released fro an organ for a specific purpose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the liver often caused by infections especially viral, radiation, drugs (medications), chemicals, or toxins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the yellowish staining of the skin and sclerae (the whites of the eyes) that is caused by high levels in the blood of bilirubin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the death of living cells or tissues |
|
|
Term
| Reticuloendothelial System (RES) |
|
Definition
| a group of living cells having the ability to take up and sequester inert particles and vital dyes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Largest gland in the body composed of two main lobes, located in the mid to upper abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of ducts that connect the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes that have an active site and an additional (allosteric) sites to which small molecules, called effectors, can bind. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of negative allosterism that frequently orrucs in a series of enzyme reactions that constitute a metabolic pathway. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes produces in a precursor inactive state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical groups are covalently added or removed from the enzyme. |
|
|
