Term
| China's 4 pillars of birth control |
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Definition
1956
1. contraceptives
2. increase age of marriage
3. abortion
4. sterilization |
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Term
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Definition
economist
proponent of birth control
China will not be able to enter real prosperity without reducing population growth |
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Term
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Definition
1979
successful in urban areas
less in rural because parents depend on male child
"voluntary" based on incentives |
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Term
| 3 Reasons for ambitious One Child Policy |
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Definition
1. already huge population
2. political focus on modern development
3. a rapid fertility decline had already proved possible with effective health care |
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Term
| Ratio of males:females in 1981, 2005 vs. natural baseline |
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Definition
1981 - 108 : 100
2005 - 118 : 100
natural baseline - 103-107 : 100 |
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Term
| Exemptions to one child policy |
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Definition
-need for family labor
-if no boys, rural
-ethnic minorities
-people returning from overseas
-if first child dies or is handicapped
-after adoption, if initially deemed infirtile
-hazardous occupations |
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Term
| % of 1, 1.5, 2 child policies in China |
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Definition
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Term
| Population of top 3 most populous countries |
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Definition
1. China: 1.3 billion
2. India: 1.1 billion
3. U.S. : 296 million |
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Term
| %wealthy and %below poverty in India |
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Definition
wealthy/middle class: 20%
below poverty: 29% |
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Term
| Formation of democratic government |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
southern state of India with fertility success
-population between 10-50 million |
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Term
| % of India's population in urban areas |
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Definition
| 28% of India's population lives along Ganges River |
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Term
| India's national family planning program |
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Definition
established 1952
first in the world
introduced information and contraceptives
later introduced health care to reduce infant mortality |
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Term
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Definition
Indian epic of fight between cousins for throne
the family that one had 100 sons and 1 daughter |
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Term
| National bilateral aid agencies for family planning |
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Definition
USAID
UNFPA
IPPF international planned parenthood foundation |
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Term
| 5 main international conferences |
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Definition
1. Rome 1954
2. Belgrade 1965
3. Bucharest 1974
4. Mexico City 1984
5. Cairo
also one in Amsterdam |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1965
made up of scientists, demographers, social experts to examine population trends and implications |
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Term
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Definition
1974 World Population Programme of Action
official government conference
opposing viewpoints
-China: Mao people are precious
-US: pop control crucial for econ growth
-socialists: econ growth will control pop growth |
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Term
| Mexico City family planning conference |
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Definition
1984 official government conference
-China had already introduced one child policy
-opposition to China's coercion
-conclusion: human right to individually plan family |
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Term
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Definition
-Egypt a Muslim nation
-other Islamic/Catholic nations angry about support of abortion and sexual promiscuity
-Israel occused of neo-colonial oppression via birth control
-US criticized for high consumption rate
-Paradigm shift : woman's rights
-Female leaders of Islamic nations, Bangladesh and Pakistan pulled out of conference |
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Term
| Paul Ehrlich's predictions/beliefs |
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Definition
increasing death rate due to famines
third world countries will never achieve self-sufficiency
-legislation: decreasing tax deductions for subsequent children, prizes for parents that don't have children or get sterilized
-all Indian men with 3 or more children should be forcefully sterilized |
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Term
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Definition
criticized Paul Ehrlich
human ingenuity will solve all problems of increased population |
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Term
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Definition
1. Bengal 1942-43
-due to sharp increase in price of rice, during WWII
-3.5-5 millino people died
2. Irish Potato Famine 1845-52
-only diet of poor
-only one crop variety cultivated
-caused by blight fungus
-1 million died, 1 million emigrated
3. Chinese Famine 1958-61
-collectivization of agriculture, industrialization
-actual drop in food production
-communication failure between local - federal
-15-30 million died
4. Ethiopia 1983-85
-drought and political violence
-unsustainable agricultural techniques |
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Term
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Definition
Indian Novel Laureate in Economics
-population itself will not cause famine
-famine will not happen in a world of democracy and free press |
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Term
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Definition
disease of starvation
children have skinny body and bloated belly |
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Term
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Definition
disease of starvation
look like a skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
-lifeboat ethics
-believed 10 million would die every year in 1970's to 1980's |
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Term
| Comparison of American impact vs. Indian vs. African |
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Definition
Average American does more harm to the environment than
20-30 Indians
100 Africans |
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Term
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Definition
Food for Peace
US gave wheat to India
reasons: humanitarian aid and to prevent India from turning to communism |
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Term
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Definition
| foundation of modern agricultural techniques |
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Term
| foundations funding agricultural research |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
researched crop varieties for better production
-wheat, rice
-combined Indian/Chinese varieties
-Mexico |
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Term
| Impact of Green Revolution in India |
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Definition
food production increased more than population
-decreased price of food
-surplus allowed export
-lack of storage space |
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Term
| Downfalls of Green Revolution |
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Definition
-dependence/increased use of fossil fuels
-unsustainable farming
-decreased soil fertility, erosion, salinization
-pollution
-decreased ground water
-gap between poor and commercial farming |
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Term
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Definition
Indian scholar
criticized Green Revolution |
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Term
| China's population in 1950 |
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Definition
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