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environmetal science vocabulary
chapter 4 vocabulary
27
Environmental Studies
12th Grade
11/13/2012

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Term
ecology
Definition
the study of how organisms interact with one another and their environments.
Term
species
Definition
a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Term
population
Definition
the members of a species that live in the same area.
Term
community
Definition
all of the population in a particular area.
Term
ecosystem
Definition
all living things and their physical environments within a particular area.
Term
biosphere
Definition
the Earth and all of its organisms and environments.
Term
biotic factor
Definition
any part of an ecosystem that is living
Term
habitat
Definition
the specific environment in which an organism lives.
Term
resource
Definition
anything an organism needs; includes nutrition, shelter, mates, and breeding sites.
Term
population size
Definition
the number of individual organisms present in a population at a given time.
Term
population density
Definition
the number of individuals in a population per unit of area.
Term
population distribution
Definition
how organisms are arranged within an area; sometimes called population dispersion.
Term
age structure
Definition
the relative number of organisms of each age within a population; also called age distribution.
Term
age structure diagram
Definition
a chat that shows the age distribution of a population; also called age pyramid.
Term
sex ratio
Definition
the proportion of males to females in a population.
Term
survivorship curve
Definition
a graph showing the likelihood of survival within a group or population by age.
Term
immigration
Definition
the arrival of individuals from outside a given area.
Term
emigration
Definition
the movement of individuals away from a given area.
Term
migration
Definition
the seasonal movement of organisms into and out of an area.
Term
exponential growth
Definition
the pattern of population growth in which a population increases by a fixed percentage each year.
Term
limiting factor
Definition
a characteristic of the environment that restricts population growth.
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
the largest population a given environment can support.
Term
logistic growth
Definition
the pattern of population growth in which exponential growth is slowed and finally stopped by limiting factors.
Term
density-dependent factor
Definition
a limiting factor whose influence changes with population density; includes competition, predation, and disease.
Term
density-independent factor
Definition
a limiting factor whose influence is not affected by population density; includes catastrophic events.
Term
biotic potential
Definition
the growth rate of a population under ideal conditions.
Term
abiotic factor
Definition
any part of an ecosystem that has never been living.
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