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Environmental
exam 3: Production of Food
33
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2012

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Term
most regions of the world have been getting _____ food
Definition
more
Term
food production in the 20th century has _______ population growth
Definition
outpaced
Term
problems of undernourishment and starvation have to deal with ______ and ____ not food production
Definition
poverty and distribution
Term
amount of people predicted for 2050
Definition
9 billion
Term
this is expected to increase even when the population growth levels off
Definition
affluence
Term
as affluence increases this also increases
Definition
per capita food consumption
Term
as affluence increases this also increases
Definition
per capita food consumption
Term
5 ways to produce the amount of food that is going to be needed in the future?
Definition
1. cultivate new land 2. increase production limits (manipulate crops to increase the production per acre) 3. reducing waste of food 4. changing diets 5. expanding aquaculture
Term
how could we cultivate new lands?
Definition
cultivate "land reserves"
Term
increase production limits
Definition
manipulate crops to increase the production per acre
Term
green revolution produced
Definition
high yield variets of food (corn, wheat, and rice) through selective breeding
Term
modern genetic techniques may allow for production of varieties that will
Definition
yield well in challenging environments
Term
selective breeding
Definition
cross breeding until you get best combination of desirable traits (genes)
Term
through breeding more photosynthate can get to
Definition
edible portions of plant
Term
modern wheat, corn, and rice receive ___% of photosynthate
Definition
50%
Term
acres of most U.S. crops have been on a linear
Definition
upward trend
Term
a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occuring between 1940 and 1970 led to this
Definition
increase agriculture production around the world
Term
positives created by green revolution
Definition
1. in 35 years food production doubled 2. held back deforestation
Term
drawbacks of the green revolution
Definition
1. crops now require energy intensive irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticides 2. high cost tends to benefit large land owners 3. loss of genetic diversity
Term
technique of biotechnology (steps to get GMO)
Definition
1.identify and sequence genes that do something you want 2. insert copies of genes into geonome of another species that lacks capability 3. the genetically modified organism expresses new traits
Term
technique of biotechnology (steps to get GMO)
Definition
1.identify and sequence genes that do something you want 2. insert copies of genes into geonome of another species that lacks capability 3. the genetically modified organism expresses new traits
Term
Transforming species to get GMO's requires these three things
Definition
1. money 2. equipment 3. brainpower
Term
4 aims of genetic modification
Definition
1. resistance to disease and pests 2. tolerance of environmental conditions 3. nutritional value 4. pharmaceutical value
Term
3 environmental benefits of genetic modification
Definition
1. reduction in use of pesticides 2.less erosion 3. less damage because of reduced demand for additional farmland
Term
3 environmental concerns of genetic modification
Definition
1. pest resistance 2. effects on non-target organisms 3. gene flow to weed species
Term
Epidemiological concerns of GMOs
Definition
1. allergice responses 2. will host plants produce toxins in response to inserted genes
Term
economic concern of GMOs
Definition
expensive
Term
psychological concern from GMO's
Definition
aversion to new technology and resistance to adoption
Term
globally around ___% of food is lost to waste
Definition
30-40
Term
in developing world food loss is due to
Definition
food chain infastructure (india no refrigeration)
Term
in developed world food loss is due to these 3 reasons
Definition
1. picky consumers (throw out blemished food) 2. super sizing 3. fear of litigation and conservative use by dates
Term
aquaculture currently provides people with __% of animal protein intake
Definition
15%
Term
4 things that will lead to expanding aquaculture
Definition
improvements in technology 2. better stock selection 3. economy of scale 4. open aquaculture
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