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| combines civil rights with environmental protection to demand a safe, healthy, life-giving environment for everyone. |
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| reduces soil degradation; reduces disease and accidents, saving the state money; increases social and economic stability of states and families; and it increases the amount of available resources. |
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| Meeting the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. |
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| Argued only government control could save California's finest Sequoia groves from the ravages of fools. |
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| Interconnectedness. "When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe." |
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| Preservationist. Organized the Sierra Club in 1890. Moral, aesthetic preservation. "Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in,... |
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| "behind nature, throughout nature, spirit is present." Early critic of rampant economic development. |
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| "truth in nature and wilderness over the deceits of urban civilization." "protect all from the vandalism of a few." Walden |
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| Served in US Forest Service. Pioneered the field of game management. Regulated hunting used to maintain proper balance of wildlife. |
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| Outlined dangers of pesticides in Silent Spring, 1962. |
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| Global environmentalist. "We often blame the poor for destroying the environment. But often it is the powerful, even governments..." |
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| Pragmatic resource conservation. Conservationist. Forest management. "The earth and its resources belong of right to its people." |
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| An interdisciplinary area of study that includes both applied and theoretical aspects of human impact on the world. |
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| A group of interacting species along with their environment. |
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| The view that right and wrong are to be determined from within a particular society or culture. |
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| Ethical theory stating human life is the most important aspect of this existance; everything around is a resource for humans. |
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| A model that helps to predict when it pays to act. |
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| sequestration of carbon by forests; filtration of water through the hydrological cycle; soil erosion control by wild grasses. |
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| conversion of C6H12O6(sugar) and oxygen to CO2, water, and energy |
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| conversion of CO2, water, and solar energy (through chlorophyll) to C6H12O6 (sugar) and oxygen |
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| American Society for Testing and Materials sets international standards for products. "ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence." |
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| EPA's Design for the Environment program helps consumers, businesses, and institutional buyers identify cleaning and other products that perform well, are cost-effective, and are safer for the environment. |
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| Point at which there is little or no significant health or environmental risk. |
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| The use of facts and assumptions to estimate the probability of harm to human health or the environment that may result from exposures to specific pollutants, toxic agents, or management decisions. |
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| Naturally occurring substances that can be utilized by people but may not be economic. |
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| amount of a good or service available to be purchased |
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| amount of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy at various prices |
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| substance with measurable mass and volume |
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| atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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| atom/s which have gained or lost an electron |
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| which individuals in a species select more effectively, results in characteristic changes within a species. |
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| competitive exclusion principle |
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| No two species will occupy the same niche and compete for the same resources for long. |
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| total role an organism plays in its ecosystem |
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| organism group that can breed and produce offspring capable of reproduction |
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| tiny particles of organic material that result from feces or decomposition |
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| decomposers convert detritus into useful resources for larger organisms, who excrete and die, producing resources for detritus decomposers. |
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1) resources people have
2) how people feel about their lives
3) what people are able to be and do |
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| major causes of death from environmental factors |
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Definition
| cancer, malaria, heart disease, diarrhea, pollution, emerging diseases |
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| Rio, 1992, Agenda 21: policy statements on sustainable development; Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; Statement of Principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests. UN monitors progress. |
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| all environmental responsibility is derived from human interests alone |
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| all forms of life have a right to exist; some recognize hierarchy |
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| environment deserves direct moral consideration, as opposed to focusing mostly on species |
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| earth exists to provide resources |
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| nature should be left alone |
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| compromise between development and preservationist approach |
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| costs external to a corperation, such as to the environment or public |
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| business can expand and take care of environment |
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| forces industry to account for where waste is going |
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| ethical criteria for business success: financial, social, environmental; people, planet, profit. |
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| 99% is saline or frozen, 1% is potentially drinkable. |
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| area of the earth's productive land and water required to supply the resources that an individual demands, as well as to absorb the wastes that the individual produces |
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| investigates justifications for different cultural positions on the environment |
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| probability that an action will lead to injury, damage, or loss |
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| environmental risk assessment |
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Definition
| use of facts and assumptions to determine the probability of harm to people or the environment from management decisions |
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| decision-making process that involves weighing policy alternatives and selecting the most appropriate regulatory action by integrating the results of risk assessment with engineering data and with social, economic, and political concerns |
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1) evaluate risk data
2) how much risk is acceptable?
3) prioritize risks
4) assign limited funds to greatest benefit
5) decide upon monitoring and enforcement |
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| study of how people choose to use resources to produce goods and services and how the same are distributed to the public |
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| 75K km^2 or 30K mi^2 of land disturbed in the US |
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| any addition of matter or energy that degrades the environment for humans and other organisms |
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| decomposer organisms can break these types of materials down into simple chemicals, like water and CO2. |
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| private or public expenditures to correct pollution damage |
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| pollution prevention costs |
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Definition
| incurred in the private sector or by government to prevent, either entirely or partially |
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| Oil Pollution Act of 1990 |
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| Bans vessels with a history of oil leaks from entering Prince William Sound. Companies must have a plan in place in the event of a future spill. |
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| 1992. Rio. Sustainable development. |
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| Kyoto Protocol, reduce greenhouse gases. UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
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| Information programs, tradeable emissions permits, emissions fees and taxes, deposit-funded programs, performance bonds. |
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| provide consumers with information about environmental consequences. |
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| Tradable emissions permits |
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| permit companies to emit specified quantities of pollutants |
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| provide incentives for environmental improvement by making the reverse expensive. |
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| surcharge on a product that is refunded when the product is returned for reuse or recycling |
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| fees collected to ensure proper care is taken to protect environmental resources |
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| assess environmental effects of production, use, reuse, and disposal of a product. |
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| extended product responsibility |
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| producer is responsible for all of the negative effects involved in its product |
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| Environmental Justice Movement |
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Definition
| Warren County, NC, Sept, 1982, organized non-violoent protest to dumping PCB-laced soils in a predominantly non-white community. |
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| risk-based corrective action (RCBA) |
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Definition
| protect environmental resources by assigning value based on risk. for corrective action strategies that categorize sites according to risk and move all sites toward completion using appropriate levels of action and oversight. The ASTM standard is a good example of a framework for implementing a RBCA strategy. |
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| group of environmentalists, investors, and companies, formed the Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economics (CERES)1989. Set of 10 environmental standards called CERES principles |
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Definition
1. protect biosphere
2. sustainable use of natural resources
3. reduce and dispose of waste safely
4. conserve energy
5. minimize environmental risks through safe tech
6. reduce use, manufacture, and sale of env. damaging products
7. restore env. damage
8. inform public of health, safety, or env. conditions
9. consider env. policy in management decisions
10. report annual audit results to public |
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Definition
| use of facts and assumptions to estimate the probability of harm to human health or the environment that may result from particular management decisions |
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| three leading causes of death |
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| heart disease, cancer, respiratory |
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| renewable, non-renewable. renewable, non-renewable |
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| labor (human), capital (financial), land (ecological) |
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| Running on empty, and don't care... In economics, the tragedy of the commons is the depletion of a shared resource by individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, despite their understanding that depleting the common resource is contrary to the group's long-term best interests |
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| an event that occurs repeatably probably has the same cause each time |
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| what one person perceives can be perceived by others |
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| same fundamental rules apply regardless of time and location |
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| Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Taxed industry. Federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment. |
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| H20 + C02 + energy = C6H1206 + 3 O2 |
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| position shows energy level and electron configuration |
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| Energy, non-living matter, physical habitat characteristics |
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| roles of organisms in ecosystems |
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| producers, consumers, decomposers |
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| changes over time in genes and displayed characteristics |
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| production of new species from previously existing |
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| Comprehensive Everglades Restoration and Protection Plan |
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Definition
| provides a framework and guide to restore, protect and preserve the water resources of central and southern Florida, including the Everglades. |
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