Term
| What is a group of closely related organisms that are usually able to breed with each other and produce viable offspring? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the variety of genes, species, ecosystems, and life in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that require energy to survive and are created from other living things |
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Term
| What is a collection of the same species living in a given area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are populations of different species living in and interacting in a particular place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What includes communities plus the physical, or nonliving environment with which they interact? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the smallest unit to study a living organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are regions of earth that have distinctive climates, organisms, vegetation, and ecosystems called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all of Earth's ecosystems together called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of genetic changes in populations over many generations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What species did Charles Darwin study in the Galapagos Islands to explain natural selection and evolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's it called when ancestral species diversify over many generations, which produces a variety of new species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the basic units of inheritance between parents and offspring? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are sections of molecules called DNA that direct what cells make and how they function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are different forms of genes called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the genetic makeup of an individual called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are changes to DNA that may alter a trait? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| False, evolution is changes to the genetic makeup of populations over time |
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Term
| What occurs when subsets of a population diverge genetically and the subsets can't produce offspring by interbreeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's another name for an evolutionary tree? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incompatibility due to factors such as geographic barriers between separated populations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a chance-based change in trait frequency, and it affects allele frequencies in small populations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the number of different kinds of genetic characteristics present within a population or species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the number of different kinds of species in an area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What considers the relative abundance of each species in a certain area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pattern of tropical regions having greater species richness than other areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's it called when different species share similar forms, but have different evolutionary histories? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the interaction where one organism, the predator, feeds on another, known as prey? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a type of predator-prey relationship where one organism lives off another organism without usually killing the host? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of predation is herbivores endangering plant species? |
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Definition
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Term
| Different warbler species feeding on the same tree is an example of ________ ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when two or more species evolve together, with the adaptation of one species causing a second species to adapt too? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when 2 organisms are closely associated with each other in a long-term relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits while the other organism experiences no effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of symbiosis benefits both organisms involved in a win-win situation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the increase of population very quickly over time? |
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Definition
| Exponential growth or geometric growth |
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Term
| What is the maximum number of individuals of a species that a habitat can sustainably support? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are species that produce many offspring, but do not invest resources in the care of calle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are species that have a low reproductive rate and show care to offspring called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are places where large numbers of species are particularly vulnerable to extinction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's another name of the current human-driven mass extinction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the usefulness of a particular species for human purposes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the value of something in and of itself apart from the usefulness to others? |
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Definition
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Term
| A wetland's ability to naturally purify water is an example of _________ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 activities cause the worst effects to biodiversity? |
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Definition
| Agriculture, deforestation, and urbanization |
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Term
| What's it called when ecosystems provide goods that humans consume or use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are ecosystem services where the natural processes of ecosystems provide favorable conditions for humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most essential ecosystem services that provide fundamental conditions on which other ecosystem services depend? |
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Definition
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Term
| What service enhances quality of life, such as recreation and spiritual values of ecosystems to people? |
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Definition
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Term
| What places economic value on ecosystem services by integrating the value of a good and the market value of things linked to the production of that good? |
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Definition
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Term
| What act passed by congress empowers the president to set aside federal lands as national monuments without congressional approval? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is when a protected habitat is isolated amid wider unprotected areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are protected strips of land that enable migration from one habitat to another? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 areas have the least amount of protection? |
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Definition
| Grasslands and coastal areas |
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Term
| What are regulations that mandate the types of development, land uses, and human activities that are allowed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a concept that accounts for the water that is used to produce goods we consume? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all the places that hold water on Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an ecosystem in a lake, pond, or other relatively still water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What zone is found near the shore and tends to host the most diversity of organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What zone is divided into the photic zone (top) and aphotic zone (bottom)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of ecosystem consists of flowing water systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ecosystem is found along the edges of streams? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ecosystem is where fresh water meets salt water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Flint, Michigan have high levels of lead in their drinking water? |
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Definition
| They changed their water source, and that source had more corrosive water. This caused lead to leach from the water pipes. |
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Term
| What are withdrawal of water from water sources called? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Aquifers are renewable resources. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sinking or collapse of the ground surface due to water draining from aquifers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What industry uses 70% of water? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is removing salt from seawater called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the frozen part of the Earth's surface called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is water that is perpetually frozen in soil or rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea ice has a higher level of reflectivity or ______, which helps cool the planet. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the zone that is located on the ocean floor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beyond the intertidal zone, the shallow water area just above the continental shelf i known as the _______ ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What 6 activities cause the most damage to oceans? |
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Definition
| Garbage/plastic pollution, fossil fuel pollution, agricultural runoff, overfishing, ocean acidification, and climate change |
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Term
| What 3 bad things do vehicles add to the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| Carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides |
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Term
| What gas is 78% of the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen comprises what % of the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Air near the ground is high pressure and air higher in the atmosphere is low pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 layers of the atmosphere from highest to lowest? |
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Definition
| Thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere |
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Term
| Which layer of the atmosphere contains the most mass? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of atmosphere is the ozone layer in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the thermosphere warmer than the mesosphere? |
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Definition
| Because of solar radiation |
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Term
| What is the amount of water in the air as a percentage of the maximum amount of water that the air can hold at a given temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a measure of the pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at any given point? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are systems of cooling air that become denser and heavier, causing them to sink and form areas of high pressure that are usually associated with clear, dry conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the large body of warm and humid air at the equator called? |
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Definition
| Equatorial low-pressure system |
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Term
| What is a substance that is harmful in its directly emitted form? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Blue flames emit carbon monoxide |
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Definition
| False, yellow flames are cooler and have incomplete combustion, which causes CO to be emitted |
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Term
| How are volatile organic compounds produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the product of reactions occurring in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is formed when VOCs and nitrogen oxides interact with sunlight at warm temperatures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes depletion of the ozone layer? |
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Definition
| Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
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Term
| What is important for absorbing and scattering much of the UV radiation coming into Earth's atmosphere from the sun? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of earth i the center and it consists of mainly iron and nickel metals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the area of space around Earth that shields the planet from highly charged particles emitted from the sun? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of Earth accounts for 84% of Earth's volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of Earth is the least dense and most brittle outermost layer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes the Northern Lights? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rigid outer portion of Earth that extends down 60-90 miles and consists of the crust and the very top of the mantle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an area of Earth's mantle that is more pliable and is beneath the lithosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of tectonic plate form when plates spread apart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of tectonic plate forms when plates collide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of tectonic plate is when plates move sideways and past each other? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the geologic process by which Earth recycles and renews its surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of rocks are formed from the cooling of magma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of rocks are formed from the cooling of magma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of rock is formed through lithification? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of rock is when one type of rock turns into another type of rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shape of land called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an area of land that drains to a particular point along a river or stream? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a landform created where the river deposits sediment settles as it flows to the ocean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 soil horizons contain topsoil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the component of humus that sticks mineral particles together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 things exert the greatest influence on which biome is found in a given area? |
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Definition
| Temperature and precipitation |
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Term
| What zone is located between the benthic and limnetic zones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are ecosystems where the soil is saturated with moisture and is often comprised of standing shallow water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ecosystem is characterized by soft-stemmed non-wooded vegetation like cattails and bulrushes, which grow through the water's surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ecosystem contain standing water, but are dominated by shrubs and trees? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are specialized, acidic ponds covered in dense, floating mats of vegetation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form in the snowmelt of early spring and dry up later in the summer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sits below the shallow waters bordering the continents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is triggered when air pressure decreases in the eastern Pacific and increases in the western Pacific, weakening the equatorial winds, allowing warm water to flow eastward, and suppressing upwelling along the Pacific coast of the Americas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the symbiotic algae that coral pairs up with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What habitat is found between the ocean surface and floor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What habitat occurs on the ocean floor? |
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Definition
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