Term
| T/F: the human population has grown faster in the 20th century than it ever has before |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapid growth in what has caused environmental problems all around the world? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study of populations, but most often refers to the study of human populations |
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Term
| what do demographers study? |
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Definition
| historical size and makeup of the populations of countries in order to make comparisons and predictions; they also study properties that affect population growth such as economics and social structure. |
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Term
| 2 general categories of countries in terms of demography |
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Definition
| developed countries and developing countries |
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Term
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Definition
| higher than average incomes, slower population growth, diverse industrial economies |
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Term
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Definition
| lower average incomes, simple and agriculture based economies and rapid population growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurred in the 1800's, meaning population growth rates increased during each decade |
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Term
| what caused the expenential growth of the 1800's? |
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Definition
| increases in food production, improvements in hygeine that came with the industrial and scientific revolutions |
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Term
| Is it likely that the earth can continue to sustain exponential growth in the future? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 properties that scientists use to predict population sizes? |
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Definition
age structure
survivorship
fertility rates
migration |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of double sided bar graph that shows typical age structures for countries that have different rates of growth |
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Term
| Countries that have high rates of growth usually have what? |
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Definition
| more young people than old people |
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Term
| Countries that have slow growth or no growth usually have what? |
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Definition
| an uneven distribution of ages |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age |
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Term
| how is survivorship studied? |
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Definition
| studies a group of people born at the same age and notes when each person dies |
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Term
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Definition
| most people live to be very old |
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Term
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Definition
| people have a similar death rate at all ages |
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Term
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Definition
| usually very poor human populations in which many children die |
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Term
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Definition
| number of babies born each year per 1000 women in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| average number of children a woman gives birth to in her lifetime |
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Term
| when did the total fertility rate drop below the replacement level in the US? |
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Definition
| 1972, the first time in US history; the rate remained below replacement level for most of the 1990's |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of children each parent must have in order to replace themselves in the population |
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Term
| Why did the population of the US continue to grow from 1970 to 2000? |
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Definition
| baby boomers had kids and immigration |
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Term
| Why has human population increased dramatically in the past 200 years? |
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Definition
| death rates have declined more rapidly than birth rates (less people are dying that being born) |
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Term
| why have death rates declined? |
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Definition
| adequate food supply, clean water, safe sewage, vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of years members of a population are likely to live |
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Term
| what affects life expectancy the most? |
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Definition
| infant mortality (death rate of infants less than 1 year old) |
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Term
| what was the worldwide life expectancy in 1900? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the worldwide life expectancy in 2000? |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the life expectancy in many developed countries now? |
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Definition
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Term
| infant health is affected by what? |
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Definition
| parents access to education, food, fuel, clean water. if these needs are met, most children will survive |
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Term
| threats to life expectancy arise as population becomes denser |
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Definition
| contagious diseases such as AIDS and TB can spread quickly |
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Term
| T/F: in most developed countries populations have stopped growing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a model that describes how economic and social changes affect population growth rates; compares birth rates, death rates, and population sizes during the 4 stages of transition |
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Term
| 4 stages of demographic transition |
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Definition
| preindustrial, transitional, industrial, postindustrial |
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Term
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Definition
| birth rate and death rate both high, population stable |
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Term
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Definition
| population explosion occurs, death rates decline as hygeine, nutrition and education improve |
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Term
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Definition
| population slows, because birth rates slow. birth rate and death rate are about the same so the population stabilizes (but the population is still much larger than stage 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| birth rate drops below replacement level, so population decreases |
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Term
| how much is the earth's population growing per year? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| basic facilities and services that support a community (water supplies, sewer lines, power plants, roads, subways, schools, hospitals) |
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Term
| symptoms of overwhelming population growth |
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Definition
| suburban sprawl, overcrowded schools, polluted rivers, barren land, inadequate housing (what happens when population uses resources faster than they can be renewed) |
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Term
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Definition
| people can't boil water, they start to cut down living trees which can lead to deforestation |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause disease, people use same water to bathe, drink, sewer disposal |
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Term
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Definition
| land that can be used to grow crops |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of people from rural areas to cities |
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Term
| where is most of the world's population now? |
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Definition
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Term
| what strategies do governments use to limit population growth? |
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Definition
| public advertising, family planning programs, economic incentives, legal punishments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| population prediction for 2050 |
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Definition
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