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| ecosystem of alarge geographical ara with charecteristic plants and a typical climate |
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| Determined by the valiability of nutrients and key substances for life on earth.. like climate |
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| the chemical interaction taht takes place among the atmospere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithospere. ex) carbon, nitrogen and phosporous cycles. |
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| Sea-floor crystals of ice, also known as gas hydrates that enclose gases such as methane |
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| The process by which a system responds to a disturbance that makes it deviate from its initial state. |
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| The level of magnitude of a system process at which sudden or rapid change occurs |
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| an interval of time between two related phenomena ex) a cause and its effect |
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| The ability of a system to tolerate a disturbance without experiencing a significant change of state |
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| The ability of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance |
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| Accumulation of sediments or biological remains taht can be examined and interpreted as an archive of environmental change like ice cores or tree rings. |
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| anything in the natural environment that is useful. Natural resources, people, institutions, renewable (water, soil, plants), non renewable(fossil fuels and minerals). |
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| Population, Technology, Sociocultural organizations |
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| over or musises of certain resources occurs because they are commonly owned |
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| Transnational corporations |
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| large business organizations whose activities span international boundaries |
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| where big corporations or countries use smaller underdeveloped countries to make their products and pollute |
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| a US manufacturing business based in mexico for lesser pollution standards |
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| Over use and mususe of resources is pursued deliberatly by a cultre driven by consumerism |
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| the way human society interacts with the natural environment are compelled by the influence of more powerful groups. |
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| environmental ussues are more the result of problems with our ethical and moral approaches to nature rather than simple technical difficulties. |
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| quantities extracted profitably from known deposites |
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| ones where it is hard to specify ownership because they more ex) fish, water,air |
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| a sea wave caused by a submarine earthquake, underwater volcanic explosion or massive slide of seabed sediments |
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| A type of mud flow composed of volcanic rock fragments and water flowing down the slopes of a volcano |
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| made up of suspended roch froth and gas |
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| a general term for solid aprticles ejected from a volcano during an eruption ranging from ash to boulders |
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| used to prebent the return of water to the channel once the peak ahs passed |
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| Small Island Developing States |
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| small national land area and polulation, a big disaster strike hazard.. like dominica |
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| some resources are owned by people like certain mines. while others are under common ownership like air and water (ocean) |
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| Being skeptical about something.. $1 now versus $1 later |
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| development that meets the needs of the present with out compromising the ability of futre generations to meet their own needs |
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| a 200 mile radious where territories have all dibs on resources first. |
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| El Nino/Southern Oscilation |
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| a warming of the surface sea water in the south-eastern tropical pacific. occurs from rapid change in athmospheric pressure over costal south america --> decreases fisheries and increases rainfall |
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| a link between environmental events in time and space especially connections between climatic varations occuring in locations that are geographically remote from one another. |
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| Commision for the conservation of Antartic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) |
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| an international body setup to manage the sustainable use of antartic marine living resource to prevent dangers of over exploitation. |
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| a contaminent found in many oceans and is widely used in an anti-fouling paints applied to hulls of ships. |
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| Persistant organic Pollutants (POP) |
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| Pollutants that reach marine environment fron terrestrial sources via atmosphereic pathways. |
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| Smothers the living coral and seagrass while nutrients inhibit both their growth and reproduction. |
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| non biodegradable and are not readily dissapated and accumulate in marine biological systems. |
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| Non Conservative pollutants |
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| assimilated into the biota by process such as biodegredation |
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| Animal and plant. many microscopically small that float or wim in fresh or saltwater. |
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| Marine ridges or mounds formed as a result of the despotsition of calcium carbonate by living organisms |
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| forests mad eup of salt adapted evergreen trees and found in intertidal zones tropical and subtropical |
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| the additon of mineral nutrients to an ecosystem, so raising primary productivity. occurs naturally in saltwater and freshwater over long periods of time |
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| designed to protect wetlands of internatinal importance |
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| a type of microscopic algae taht may be a facet of the nutrient enrichment that often follows impoundment of new resevoirs |
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| unconsolidated particle, usually produced by breakdown of rock |
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| resevoir triggered seismicity |
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| the stress changes on crustal rocks induced by huge volume os water impounded behind major dams have been suspected of unducing siesmic activity |
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| the intrusion of sea water into delta aread when river flows decline due to reseviou impoundment |
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| unplanned incremental development characterized by low density miz of land uses on the urban landscape. |
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| an icnreas in urban air temp as compared to the surrounding suburban and rural temps. results in smog and pollution. |
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| The United Nations Convention on the Laws of the sea-- created an international seabed authority to administer resources on deep seabed under high seas (no soverignty) |
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| Maximum sustainable yeild |
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| how many fish can you take with out depleting the source. |
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| the search for valuable genetic resources out in the deep seabeds |
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| the impurities left after a mineral has been extracted from its ore |
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| settlement of ground surface over a wide area resulting from the collaps of a part of a mine |
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| localized crater like holes taht appear at the surface following the collapse of a strata into a mine |
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| the outflow of aciding water usally abandoned metal or coal mines |
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| the extraction of specific metals from their ores through the use of living organisms |
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| a naturally occuring solid |
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| naturally occuring materials from which minerals can be extracted profitably |
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| elements with paricular properties |
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| air pollutants ex) Tacoma |
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| 1872 encourages prospecting on fedeal land |
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| cannot just mine the land and not fis it after (by law) |
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| Cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) |
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| using the hot water usually wastes in electricity generation |
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| A direct way to convert rays into energy. no pollution and no noise an dno water used. |
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| unprocessed (wood,straw,dung, vegg matter and ag waste) processed (charcole,methane fom biogas plants an dlogging waste |
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| Dilute and disperse philosophies |
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| used to disperse low level waste |
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| increase fuel efficency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2012.. 54.5 mph by 2025 |
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| Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and Seperation of bedflows |
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| a result of the deepwater horizon. |
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| extraction of natural gas from layers |
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| where an economy gets trapped/dependend on the xports of a natural resouce but it raides the prices for everything at home. |
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| the change in net irradiance between different layers of the atmophere. posotive forcing warms systems negative forcing cools |
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| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IFCC) |
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Definition
| an international body of scientists look at the global warming increase in temp due to human influence and nature. |
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| General Circulation Model (GCM) |
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| Predicts the conditions of a warmer planet and changes in wind, clouds and precipitaion. |
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| an international treaty to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible |
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| makes voluntary emission reductions more binding. Focuses on a wider range of gases |
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| if a states emissions fall below its treaty limit, it can sell credit for its remaining allotment to another country to help the buyer meets its treaty obligations. |
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| a program to increase sequestration of carbon sinks |
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| Clean Development Mechanisms |
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| an arrangement allowing industrialised countries with green house reduction commitment to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing states as opposed to doing it in own country (more expensive). |
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| control of transboundary movements of hazardous waste and their disposal,band exports to countries who have not signed |
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| Closed loop processing cycle |
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| waste products ar completly recycled and never enter the environment to become pollutants |
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| national ambient air quality standards, EPA, cap and trade.. sell right to be dirty. |
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| IPCC ( inter governmental panel on Climate Change) |
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