-the time between infection and the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms (diarrhea, fever, rash...)

-can be infectious before signs/symptoms appear

-infect the gastrointestinal tract

-transmitted by the fecal-oral route

-originate in feces and are transmitted by contact because of lack of handwashing ability

(can be washed off)

-eg: trachoma (conjunctivitis)

-caused by pathogens that spend all or essential parts of their lives in water or depend on aquatic organisms for parts of their life cycle

-eg: helminth Schistosoma and bacteria Legionella

-transmitted by insects that breed in water or live near water

-eg: malaria, yellow fever, dengue...

-filtration

-disinfection (chlorination)

-rod shaped (bacillus)

-gram negative

-bacteria

-fecal-oral (waterborne)

-gram-negative

-rod (bacillus)

-enteric bacteria (found in normal gut flora of all warm-blooded animals)

-waterborne

pathogenic strains:

-enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

-enteropathogenic (EPEC)

-enteroinvasive (EIEC)

-enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)

-gram negative

-spiral (spirillum) 

-leading cause of gastroenteritis in the US

-bacillus

-gram negative

-waterborne

-gram negative

-comma-shaped

-waterborne

-gram negative

-spirillum

-stomach ulcers

-gram negative (stains poorly)

-bacillus

-Legionnaires' disease

-found pretty much everywhere as it is resistant to chlorination and very heat tolerant

-tap water, water distribution systems, plumbing systems...