What occurs when heat loss is caused by the movement of the air as it passes over the body the still air around the body is warmed-ànew air replaces the warm air-àrewarming new layer

 What are the goal of heat production/conservation?

Mechanisms of heat production/conservation are?

1.   increases in metabolic rateàheat production

2.   peripheral vasoconstrictionàdecrease circulation to the skinàdecrease heat loss by radiationàheat conservation

3.   muscular activityàshiveringàheat production

• burn pts
• elderly
• infants

• exposure to cold
• impared thermal regulatory system

• hypoglycemia
• malnutirtion
• alcohol abuse
• hypopituitarism
• DM
• burns
• drug overdose
• extreme age

• hypoglycemia
• malnutrition
• hypopituitarism

• DM
• drug overdose
• alcohol abuse

Burns

How do you measure the core body temperature (3)?

• tympanic membrane
• Rectal
• Esophageal

less than 32 degrees Celsius 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit defines?

Shivering, ataxia, lethargy, dysarthria

pale cold numb skin, early increase in BP, RR and PR, clouded sensorium, and  poor judgement are signs and sxs of ?

True or False?

the hypothermic heart is extremely irritable by rough handling or endotracheal intubation.

Osborne of J wave

• notching at jxn of QRS and st
• may appear at 25-30 degrees C (77-86 F)
• delayed ventricular depolarization & early repolarization                                                   

   

These are EKG changes of what?

           prolonged P wave and QRS intervals

          increased risk of V. fib or asystole

          T wave inversion

            Muscle tremor artifacts

True of False?

rapid rewarming may be hazardous because hypothermic patients are particularly vulnerable to lethal cardiac arrhythmias

TRUE....

Severe hypothermia may appear clinically dead and yet respond to vigorous rewarming and resuscitation Therefore, a hypothermic patient should not be considered dead until all reasonable resuscitative measures have failed. Rewarmed to 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit)

·         numbness and erythema, edema is common, no tissue lost

·         partial skin freezing

·         no blisters

These are characteristics of what?

·         edema, erythema and blister formation within 6-12 hours, blister fluid is clear

·         full-thickness injury

·         numbness

·         freezing with death of skin, hemorrhagic blisters

·         skin necrosis

·         blue-gray discoloration

these are characteristics of what?

 freezing with full-thickness damage, with muscle, tendon and bone

ultimate loss of body parts

eventually dry, black mummified

treat systemic hypothermia first

True or False?

rub a frost bite

pedal edema found in elderly nonacclimatized individuals, after a long period of sitting is a syndrome of what?

these are sxs of what syndrome?

Syncope, N/V, confusion, decreased muscle coordination

These are sxs of what?

Mental status changes: coma, confusion, irritability

Seizures, ataxia, hyperventiliation

K+ decreased

                                               Resp. alkalosis

K+ increased

                                    Metabolic (lactic) acidosis

 Hymenoptera Stings

True or False?

for management of hymenoptera stings you should remove stinger by pulling or pinching it out?

Generally symptomatic

Support care of the airway, breathing and circulation

IV calcium gluconate for alleviation of severe cramps associate

Tetanus immunization prophylaxis

Ice, wound care to bite site

Identify this lovely creature:

a.       Brown to tan

b.      Violin-shaped on back

c.       Both sexes equally dangerous

d.      Multiple bites suggest another cause

what is characteristic about

Brown Recluse (Laxosceles recluse) venom?

2-6 days:

                                       Necrosis at bite site

                                       Regional lymphadenopathy

                                        Shock

True or False?

 Typical brown recluse spider bite self-limited and self-healing, without long-term consequences