Term
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Definition
| the greenhouse effect. Discovered by James Hansen. |
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Term
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Definition
| carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, water vapor, cfcs |
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Definition
| rice patties, permafrost, termites, cow flatus |
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Definition
| limiting ozone in the stratosphere allows more sunlight in, which raises temperature |
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Definition
| clouds trap heat at night and prevent heat from penetrating during the day |
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Term
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Definition
| up to that point, the 1980s were the warmest decade on record. Then it was the 1990s. When this decade was over, it was the warmest. |
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Term
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Definition
| over the last 100 years, there was a 1 |
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Definition
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Definition
| some time in the next century, carbon dioxide levels will double from pre-industrial levels and there will be a 2.5 |
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| effects of global warming |
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Definition
| increase in frequency and severity of tropical storms, drought, rise in sea levels which will flood coasts and cause species to lose their habitats, permafrost melts releasing methane, migration of biomes-organisms won't be able to adapt, mass biotic extinctions, loss of farmlands, eventually all areas will get warmer, spread of disease, displacement of human populations causing wars, famine, and poverty |
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Term
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Definition
| a weather phenomenon whereby a layer of cool air is trapped by a layer of warm air above it. During the day, the earth's surface warms up and the warm air rises, carrying pollution away. In the evening, air cools and sinks. If the following day the air doesn't warm up enough to rise or there aren't winds to carry the dirty air away, the air mass stagnates and gets dirtier and dirtier as more pollutants are put into the atmosphere. can occur during any season. |
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Term
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Definition
| los Angeles has air alerts 260-270 days per year. They have "run, skip, and jump days" where the air is clean enough for children to go outside for recess |
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Term
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Definition
| industrial smog is due to excess burning of fossil fuels. Photochemical smog: N2 + O3 + particles + sunlight =smog |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful to living organisms (acid precipitation, lead poisoning, etc), deterioration of materials (ozone, buildings and road disintegrate, paint peels, cars rust, etc), aesthetics |
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Term
| human health factors of air pollution |
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Definition
| proving that air pollution causes illness. Cigarette smoking. |
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Term
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Definition
| donora, pa 1948; London, England 1952; new York city 1966 |
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Term
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Definition
| first significant revision since 1977. businesses thought it was too strict, environmentalists thought it was too weak. Addresses: acid precipitation, ozone, smog, toxic emissions, alternate fuels |
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Term
| control of automobile air pollutants |
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Definition
| emission controls on cars since 1973. auto manufacturers in the usa didn't want to do it, which caused the rise of the Japanese car market |
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Term
| electrostatic precipitator |
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Definition
| removes particles such as soot and ash. Dirty gas enters the chamber, which has plates that have both positive and negative charges. The particles stick to the plates and the cleaned gas exits. |
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Term
| wet scrubber with cyclone chamber |
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Definition
| clean water and dirty gas enters the chamber. The air and water are agitated. The particles are collected into the water and clean air is released |
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Term
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Definition
| industry, ocean, volcanoes, forest fires, biological activity (e.g. termite methane) |
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Term
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Definition
| any device that removes pollutants. They include precipitation, gravity, and green plants |
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Term
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Definition
| most successful organisms on the planet. Some insects are beneficial. Some insects are harmful. They compete for food, space, spread disease, and feed on us |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow spectrum (only kills pests), breaks down quickly into non-toxic substance, non-toxic to other organisms, does not magnify through the food chain. Does not exist |
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Term
| natural pesticides (examples) |
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Definition
| first generation. Pyrethrines, nicotine, caffeine, kerosene, rotenone (comes from derris plant) |
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Term
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Definition
| second generation. Chlorinated hydrocarbons aka organochlorides. Broad spectrum. Persistent in environment (not biodegradable). Biological magnification. Fat soluble. Mimic calcium in body. Cause cancer in laboratory animals |
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Term
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Definition
| dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Discovered in 1939 by Paul Muller. Killed many vectors for disease. Saved millions of lives, mostly because of the mosquitoes it killed |
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Term
| chlorinated hydrocarbons (examples) |
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Definition
| ddt (banned), aldrin (banned), endrin (banned), dieldrin (banned, causes breast cancer), lindane (less toxic, still available), chlorodane (banned, used to kill termites and carpenter ants), kepone and mirex (kills fire ants) |
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Term
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Definition
| shorter lived than chlorinated hydrocarbons |
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Term
| organophosphates (examples) |
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Definition
| parathion (banned), malathion (still available. Widely used for the Mediterranean fruit fly, which lays its eggs in citrus fruits), diazinon (still available, used by exterminators for roaches) |
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Term
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Definition
| shortest lived. Some are very toxic. |
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Term
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Definition
| baygon, sevin (aka carbaryl. Was used to kill gypsy moths. Known carcinogen) |
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Term
| alternatives to long-term pesticides |
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Definition
| short-lived pesticides. Integrated pest management |
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Term
| integrated pest management |
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Definition
| a combination of biological controls, sterilization, hormones, and pheromones |
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Term
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Definition
| introduces natural enemy of pest [wasps, flies, ladybugs, praying mantids, bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis), viruses, fungi] |
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Term
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Definition
| screwworm fly and Mediterranean fruit fly: females only mate once. Sterilize males then females lay sterile eggs. Sterile males compete with fertile males and reduce population |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone inhibitors. Insects produce juvenile hormone- as long as it produces this hormone, it remains a juvenile |
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Term
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Definition
| sex attractor. Insect is attracted by pheromone and traps insect inside. Roach motel, bag-a-bug. Spray everywhere for confusion |
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