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| an example of conscious, deliberate social construction on the part of scientists is the case of a major environmental issue |
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| the emphasis of the minority "green" movement and message within Christianity |
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| Rights & Beauty of Habitat |
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| "The disappearance of a kind of quiet intimacy with the Earth, the sense of being connected to the land and to each other through the land." Michael Bell |
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| Economic effects not taken into account in the decision making in a market |
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| What is the single most effective means of generating sales? |
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Goods whose desirability is predicated at least in part of short supplies, limited access, higher prices and consequent social honor.
Goods that show a persons wealth/social position. |
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| treadmill of underproduction |
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Definition
When producers respond to declining production by even greater production because of the destruction of overworked productive capacity
Ex. depleted fisheries |
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| A reason why monocultural farming is problematic |
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Definition
| it degrades/depletes the land |
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| Name 3 hidden costs of having a society organized around automobiles |
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Definition
| Pollution, destruction of land, natural resource depletion |
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Person w/ the environment. One w/ environment.
The zone of the body's diologue with the environment. |
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the most widely applied herbicide in the U.S. & world.
Causes cancer, miscarriages, sexual development disorders, retinal damage, muscle wasting, & hermaphroditic. |
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| a wrenching experience that causes one to suddenly doubt the basis of trust on which one had long committed oneself. |
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| when we all do what we want and it often leads to outcomes that nobody wants |
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| Michael Bell refers to the tragedy of the commons as actually a tragedy of individualism |
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| a sharp disjunction between what people say they value and how they really act |
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| being environmentally good w/o having to be environmentally good. environmentalism that you don't have to worry about b/c you just find yourself doing it anyway |
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| What are 3 specific features of "smart growth" or new urbanism? |
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Definition
| corner stores, public transportation, building up & not out |
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| emphasis on transparency and traceability, especially in food products, verified through 3rd party certification. |
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| label product green when it is not |
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the view that if something is for the greater good, than it must be okay.
Tolerates a lot of INEQUALITY |
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| Name 3 western intellectual traditions that have provided the ideological rationale for environmental domination |
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Definition
| Christianity, Patriarchy, Individualism |
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| the link b/t the dominion of women and the domination of the environment |
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| the same as Green Capitalism |
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| associated with globalization |
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study of social distribution goods and bads
those with the least power get the most pollution |
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| Accidents from a complex, tightly coupled system that are prone to disaster that Perrow |
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| when you define a term or concept by stating exactly how you would measure it |
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| the name of the book and expression used to describe design principles that allow no waste, see the production cycle as a closed circle rather than linear, and emphasize reuse |
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| in 1984 some 5000-10000 people died from exposure due to malfunction of Union Carbide's pesticide plant in India |
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| A society in which traditional conflicts over the distribution of goods are being replaced by new conflicts over the distribution of bads. |
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| focus on social class/distribution of goods |
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| old focus on social class/distribution of goods |
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| According to Veblen, it is displays of wealth, such as expensive homes, cars, clothes, computers, boats and the like, as well as sheer volume of consumption |
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| the environment is a common theme in ad campaigns of major corporations, particularly oil companies, auto manufacturers, pesticide firms, and other industries with spotty environmental records |
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| putting a price on everything |
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Definition
The solution to resource scarcity is to increase population because people are the ultimate resource, as stated by Julian Simon.
People who think Earth is rich in resources, don't worry about it. |
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| What are the 3 stages of the demographic transition? |
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Definition
1st: High birth & death rates
2nd: High birth rate & low death rate
3rd: Low birth & death rate |
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Definition
| the reason the tragedy of the commons is important to study even though it's not all that common, but still used in reference for all environmental problems |
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| Give two reasons for why population control as a potential solution to global warming is problematic and rarely discussed. |
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Definition
| family, identity, racism, religion, sexuality |
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| a society in which traditional conflicts over the distribution of goods are being replaced by new conflicts over the distribution of bads |
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| Name 3 environmental transitions, as stated by ulrich beck |
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Definition
modernism to postmodernism
how to to have to
materialism to post-materialism
HEP to NEP
class-based to risk-based
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| the viewpoint that the recognition of environmental problems is started to reshape the institutions and everyday social practices of modernity in fundamental ways |
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| came up with the environmental transitions that are happening |
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representation of our consumption & level of demand on Earth
measures how much area is necessary to support ones lifestyle |
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| In 1987, major industrial countries signed an agreement to reduce the production of CFC's |
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Definition
sulfur dioxide & Nox combine with water to acidify the rain
damages ecosystems |
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| unequal access to scarce/valued goods & resources |
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big companies have more $$ than some governments.
Direct impact on environment degradation.
Economic, Political, Ideological, Cultural. |
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Definition
maximize profits, produce more & sell cheaper.
Market not set to prioritize environment.
Invest in capital, not people. |
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| A lot of animals to maximize profits/production, more food for cheaper. |
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takes a task & breaks it down into smaller tasks for efficiency.
Conformity, everything is the same. |
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Population grows exponentially.
Even if the rate of growth decreases, the overall population can still increase |
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| ok for a few to suffer to benefit the majority |
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| equality among everyone, get rid of all inequalities |
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| What social traits stemmed from Christianity? |
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Definition
| capitalism, consumption & social status |
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pesticides on the world, over abused, not used properly.
We are with the environment, not above.
New worldview, expressed info in ways that captured society, organized opposition to the chemical industry |
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the fullest expression of the true ends of nature & environmentalism.
Highest exemplar of natural, absence of people. |
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Socially constructed, nature is something we make it as much as it makes us.
How we see nature depends on our perspective from our social life. |
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| Women are closer to Nature, Men are closer to Society |
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| Immanence vs Transcendence |
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| God & saints not with nature/human-like but rather above nature |
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| interest-free realm of innocence, influence-free |
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| In a soil of an arid, poorly drained region, the accumulation of soluble salts by the evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone. |
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| the process of weathering and transport of solids in the natural environment or their source and deposits them elsewher |
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| man-made, result from human activity |
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| belief that humans are the central most significant entities in the universe |
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| with increased population will come innovation and technological advances to feed the masses |
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| Chlorofluorocarbon, an organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as a volatile derivative of methane and ethane |
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| whenever any one or more species populate an area |
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| The concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, fairness, or equity, along with the punishment of the breach of said ethics. |
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| The environment is the central most important thing |
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Term
| "We all live downstream" was said by who? |
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Definition
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| Theory of disproportionality |
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Definition
| the most industrial pollution comes from few big main sources |
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| The usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, and crafts, or systems or methods of organization, or is a material product of these things. |
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| Gross National Product, measure of income and output within the country |
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| A political group focused on social justice, environmentalism, reliance on grassroots democracy & nonviolence |
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| A non-government environment group to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity" |
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| Polytheistic religion that believes that Gods have human-like qualities |
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| Human Development Index, depending on a country's life expectancy, education, and GDP |
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| The ultimate nature of reality is based on the mind or ideas. |
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Term
| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
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Definition
| a scientific intergovernmental body tasked with evaluating the risk of climate change caused by human activity |
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| An international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries |
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| International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
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Definition
| The international organization that overseas the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries. |
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Definition
| the proposition that technological progress that increases the efficiency with which a resource is used tends to increase the rate of consumption of that resource. |
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Definition
| looks at the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, "traditional" countries can be brought to development in the same manner more developed countries have |
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| Ecological Modernization Theory |
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Definition
| environmental readaptation of economic growth and industrial development, on the basis of enlightened self-interest, economy and ecology can favourably be combined. |
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| Visible Leisure for the sake of displaying social status. |
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| a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between 1943 and the late 1970s, that increased industrialized agriculture production in many developing nations. |
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| An unchecked increasing population will lead to a catastrophe because of the food supply and lack of enough resources |
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| Historical Roots of Ecological Crisis |
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Definition
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| Derived from the work of Karl Marx and made into a developed set of ideas by Immanuel Wallerstein. He shows that capitalism is not just an economic system bounded by national borders highlighting class inequality. Rather, capitalism must also be seen as involving relationships among nations and these relationships too are based on inequality |
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| local movements, volunteers, to support a local/small cause that lead to the greater good |
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Definition
A process emphasizing the broad participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems.
strives to create opportunity for all members to make it more equal |
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| Believed in socialism & a stateless/classless society |
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| New Environmental Paradigm Scale, measures a persons environmental attitudes or beliefs |
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Definition
| Nuclear Accident in Ukraine, worst in history. Radioactive fallout. |
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Definition
Value System that has moved on from the desire to fulfill material needs/wants.
Postmodern values then bring new societal changes, including democratic political institutions and the decline of state socialist regimes. |
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Definition
| came up with post-materialism |
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Definition
emphasizes the role of language, power relations, and motivations; in particular it attacks the use of sharp classifications such as male versus female, straight versus gay, white versus black, and imperial versus colonial.
rejection of objective truth |
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Term
| Toulouse factory explosion |
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Definition
| Chemical explosion in fertilizer factory, 29 dead. |
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Definition
| the hierarchical arrangements of people in society as economic or cultural groups. |
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| A society where the primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either. |
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| reduction in the quantity of materials required to serve economic functions in society |
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Definition
| his theory of normal accidents; catastrophic accidents that are inevitable in tightly coupled and complex systems. |
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| original affluent society |
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Definition
| hunter-gathers were the this |
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| Realist-Constructionist Debate |
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Definition
constructions deny the reality of environmental problems. constructions contribute to the immobilization of environmental politics.
constructionist believe that treating environmental change as a social construction discourages the investigation of the societal causes |
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Definition
| framing issues or questions so that the framer gets the answers they want. wording or how it is phrased |
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