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Environment and Culture
final chapters 6&17
45
Environmental Studies
Not Applicable
12/13/2011

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
IPAT model
Definition
Impact=Population X Affluence X Technology
Term
demography
Definition
applying principles of ecology to study of statistical change in human population
Term
demographic transition
Definition
model to explain declining birth and death rates during industrialization
Term
pre-industrial stage
Definition
1st stage of demographic transition; birth/death rates high
Term
transitional stage
Definition
2nd stage of demographic transition; declining death rates, high birth rates
Term
industrial stage
Definition
3rd stage of demographic transition; death rates remain low; birth rate declines
Term
post industrial stage
Definition
4th stage of demographic transition; birth/death rates remain low and population stabilizes
Term
municipal solid waste
Definition
non liquid waste coming from homes, small businesses, and institutions
Term
industrial solid waste
Definition
non liquid waste coming from production of consumer goods, agriculture, and mining
Term
hazardous waste
Definition
solid or liquid waste that is toxic
Term
sanitary landfill
Definition
waste is buried underground or piled up large mounds
Term
leachate
Definition
liquid that results when waste dissolves into water
Term
source reduction
Definition
reducing amount of material entering the waste stream
Term
material recovery facilities
Definition
where materials are sorted, and prepped to be reused
Term
industrial ecology
Definition
seeks to redesign industrial systems to reduce waste
Term
life-cycle analysis
Definition
making the processing of materials more efficient
Term
impoundments
Definition
liquid hazardous waste stored in ponds
Term
deep well injection
Definition
disposing of hazardous waste in a deep hole below the water level
Term
Superfund
Definition
clean up US sites polluted with hazardous waste
Term
Population of world
Definition
7billion
Term
positives of large population
Definition
healthy species, more working force, better pension
Term
negatives of large population
Definition
more resources used, more waste, less room
Term
How is the population growth characterized
Definition
a J shaped curve
Term
What continent has the highest population
Definition
China
Term
What continent has the lowest population
Definition
Australia
Term
crude birth/death rate
Definition
measured by thousands
Term
natural rate of increase
Definition
crude birth rate - crude death rate/10
Term
What does a J curve mean?
Definition
exponential growth
Term
What does a S curve mean?
Definition
growth levels off
Term
Malthus growth theory
Definition
growth should be controlled
Term
Ehrlich
Definition
population growth will lead to disaster
Term
Hardin
Definition
tragedy of commons
Term
Population growth =???
Definition
(birth + immigration) - (death + emigration)
Term
total fertility rate
Definition
number of children a women will have during child bearing years
Term
replacement-level fertility
Definition
number of children a couple must have to replace themselves
Term
doubling time
Definition
70/growth
Term
biggest contributor of waste
Definition
paper
Term
highest recycling rate for..?
Definition
car batteries
Term
lowest recycling rate for..?
Definition
jars and PET plastic
Term
percent of waste going to landfill?
Definition
55%
Term
who regulates municipal waste?
Definition
government
Term
who regulates industrial waste?
Definition
state/local
Term
How many lbs does each US citizen produce in waste each day?
Definition
4.5
Term
What percentage of waste is incinerated?
Definition
15%
Term
What percentage is recycled?
Definition
33%
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