Term
| Environment Science is the Study of..(Provide Examples) |
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Definition
Interactions of Humans with the natural world.
- Human Population growth
- Use or Abuse of Natural Resources |
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Term
| There are two types of Effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Environmental STUDIES are |
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Definition
| the study of motivations for actions |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the consequences of actions |
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Term
| Difference between Enviro Science and Ecology? |
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Definition
Environmental science that investigates questions related to the human population, resources, and damage caused by pollution and disturbance while Ecology is the study of the relationships of organisms
and their environment. Enviro focuses more on sustainability while Ecology focuses on the organization of the Natural World |
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Term
| Dr David Schindler, discuss |
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Definition
| How oil sands contributed to acid rain which polluted the water with phosphorus.Toxins in water effected people dependent on that water |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals interacting with physical environments |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals within a species interacting among themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Species interacting with Species (Competition, predation, co-evolution) |
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Term
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Definition
| whole communities interacting with physical world. Most closely aligned with the job of an environmental scientist |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rachel Carson (silent spring) |
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Definition
| Excessive use of pesticides in collapsing songbird population |
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Term
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Definition
| An ecosystem is not a random group of populations. It is a connected and interdependent group of species, populations, communities and enviroments |
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Term
| Environments place _______ and limit a species ______ and _________ |
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Definition
Constraints
Productiity
Reproduction |
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Term
| Humans have been enormously effective at finding ways to overcome |
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Definition
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Term
| Stressors can be ________ or _________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
nutrition
• water
• sunlight
• food shortages
• predations/parasitism
• climate |
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Term
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Definition
• harvest of plants and trees
• land conversion
• pollution |
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Term
| What does Science tell us? What does Ethics tell us? |
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Definition
Science
Tells us what has
happened or will
happen
Ethics
Tells us if it is
acceptable/important |
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Term
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Definition
| values and rights of a non human environment to exist |
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Term
| Most environmental issues are a result of |
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Definition
| Continued human growth and increased resource consumption |
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Term
| 3 critical concepts needed for sound environmental policy: |
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Definition
– Sustainability
– Stewardship
– Good Science |
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Term
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Definition
| 4.5-5 Billion years (relatively young compared to universe) |
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Term
| Compare Inner Planets to Outer |
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Definition
| Inner more dense and metallic while outer are composed of fozen gas (Because of Accretion Disc) |
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Term
| The most beautiful girl in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Core - Hottest and Most Dense
Mantle - Semi liquid contains magma
Lithosphere - thick rock
Crust - less denselithosphere |
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Term
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Definition
Endogenous - having internal cause or origin (volcanoes, earthquakes)
Exogenous - External cause (meteorite) |
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Term
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Definition
movement of crustal plates and
continents that float on them |
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Term
| Crust is continuously ______ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Four Major compartments of the Hydrosphere: |
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Definition
Oceans
Surface water
ground water
Atmosphere |
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Term
| Movement between the pools of the Hydrologic cycle are driven by: |
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Definition
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
terrestrial flow |
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Term
| Water absorbs what kind of energy efficiently? And what does an energy do to water |
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Definition
light energy
break H bonds |
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Term
| Why are the tropics very wet? |
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Definition
| Precipitation is driven by heating and cooling. Heating is intense and causes hot air to rise and rain to fall |
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Term
| What are the prairies Dry? |
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Definition
| Rocky Mountains block moisture from pacific ocean |
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Term
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Definition
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere |
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Term
| What layer of the Atmosphere is the lowest? |
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Definition
Troposphere
- contains most the water vapour
- site of most air mass movement |
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Term
| What is the role of the Atmosphere in regards to the energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between climate and weather |
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Definition
Climate - Prevailing, long-term
Weather - Short Term (day to Day) |
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Term
| Climate and Weather are greatly affected by? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
Energy is neither created nor destroyed but may be converted
from one form to another |
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Term
| 2nd Law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
In any conversion of energy some useable energy is always
lost |
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Term
| Energy that enters the atmosphere is absorbed by the ______ and _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| NRG absorbed by plants is... |
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Definition
| Temporarily stored as Potential Energy (chemical) |
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Term
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Definition
Gross primary production - total energy fixed during photosynthesis
Net primary production - GPP available after respiration |
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Term
| How do Rates of Production change with trophic levels? |
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Definition
| Productivity declines with each increase in level |
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Term
| Why are there not many trophic levels? |
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Definition
| Limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer |
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Term
| Earth is a Closed Cycle why is this important? |
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Definition
| Supply of essential elements or nutrients relies on efficient recycling |
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Term
| Ultimately all energy is...? |
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Definition
| Lost as heat and radiated through into space |
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Term
| How have humans unbalanced the carbon cycle? |
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Definition
| Increased burning of fossil fuels and increased deforestation |
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Term
| Difference between N and C cycle |
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Definition
| N is not geological (not present in rocks) |
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Term
| What are the Consequences of Human impact on the N Cycle |
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Definition
1. Acidification of water bodies by nitric acid
2. N-saturation of landscapes and increased
transport to water
3. Development of algal blooms |
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Term
| What is the main source of phosphorus |
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Definition
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Term
| Relationship between P and Hydro Cycle? |
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Definition
| PO4 is water soluble so it is transported by non - atmospheric parts of hydrologic cycle |
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Term
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Definition
the genetic contribution to future generations of
a population |
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Term
| Logistic growth includes various conderations such as.. |
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Definition
Resources are finite
Resources decline till individuals cant reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Population growth is often dependent on |
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Definition
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Term
| Ecological Factors contributing to population |
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Definition
Competition
Symbiosis
Introduction of exotic species
Disturbances
etc |
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Term
| Predator - Prey Control on Population (list Cycle) |
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Definition
1. Prey will increase in abundance with predators at low density
2. Predators will respond with population growth
3. Overabundance of predators will reduce prey numbers
4. Predator populations will crash
5. The cycle will repeat |
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Term
| What is Competitive Exclusion? |
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Definition
Two species competing for the same
resource cannot coexist |
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Term
| What can organisms compete for? |
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Definition
– Food resources
– Territory
– Space
– Access to mates |
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Term
| After a Major Disturbance where does colonization start? |
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Definition
Bare rocks
- lichen and moss |
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Term
| Example of pushing an ecosystem past bounds of recovery |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
When ecosystems from different regions are functionally
similar, they are classified as biomes |
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Term
| What is the Law of the Minimum? |
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Definition
The factor that is in lowest supply relative
to need is the factor that limits growth |
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Term
| Factors that influence biome distribution |
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Definition
1. Elevation
2. Exposure (direction relative to the sun)
3. Prevailing atmospheric circulation
4. Underlying geology
5. Soils |
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Term
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Definition
– Cold climates
– Short growing season
– Defined as deserts (low precip)
– Sparsely vegetated
– Animals are present all year at more southern latitudes |
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Term
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Definition
– Long cold winters, short warm summers
– Relatively low precipitation
– Predominantly coniferous forest with low biodiversity
– Thin, poorly drained, acidic soils
– Larger mammals common |
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Term
| Discuss the Decidious Forest |
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Definition
– Moderately cold winters and warm, humid summers
– Soils are well developed
– Trees are diverse
– Precipitation moderate and ranges widely
– Uncommon in Canada except in Southern Quebec, Ontario, and
maritimes (common in Europe and China) |
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Term
| Discuss Temperate Rain Forest |
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Definition
– Very high precipitation
– When disturbance is rare, long-lived species with high nutrient
retention dominate in old growth stands
– Species tend to be Douglas Fir, Red Cedar, Sitka Spruce,
Hemlock |
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Term
| Discuss Temperate Grasslands |
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Definition
– Hot summers and harsh winters
– Light precipitation
• Enough for good soils, but not enough for forests
– Fires are frequent
– Three types (tallgrass, mixed grass, and shortgrass prairie)
– Mammals are herbivores |
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Term
| Discuss Tropical Rainforest |
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Definition
- Very high precipitation
– Decomposition processes are fast and efficient and little material
remains for development of soils
– Nutrients are bound mostly in biomass
– Greatest plant and animal diversity on Earth
– Very easily disrupted by human activities |
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Term
Can a biome contain multiple ecozones or can an
ecozone contain multiple biomes? |
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Definition
• a biome contains multiple ecozones
• as large as ecozones are in scale, they are smaller
than biomes
• a biome is a scientific term used to describe a
very large area with a typical ecosystem function
• biomes are shaped by the factors such as
temperature, precipitation, and landforms |
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Term
| Reasons for Population Growth in Humans? |
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Definition
- Improved medicine
- Improved nutrition
- infant mortality reduced
- Improved technology
- Carrying capacity increased by improved harvesting |
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Term
| Are Humans exponentially growing or logistically growing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is larger the developing or developed world? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Phases of Demographic Transition |
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Definition
1. Stability from offsetting birth and death rates
• High potential for growth
4. Zone of stabilization
• Birth and death in synch
3. Fertility transition
• Declining rate of growth
2. Start of epidemiologic transition
• Declines in death rates, accelerating growth |
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Term
| Discuss a distribution issue of the modern world |
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Definition
About three-quarters of the population of developed
countries is urbanized |
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Term
| Use of water in developing compared to Developed |
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Definition
Agriculture in developing
Industry and domestic use in developed |
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