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Enviro Final
Study Cards
47
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/16/2013

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Term
Bioaccumulation
Definition
accumulation of chemicals from the environment into organism
Term
Biomagnification
Definition
where chemicals concentrations increase as they move into higher trophic levels, not all chemicals biomagnify
Term
Grasshopper Effect
Definition
chemicals 'hop' from region to region, end up in Northern/colder regions, snow pulls chemicals out of the atmosphere
Term
What does the dose makes the poison mean?
Definition
the chemical and the concentration that the chemical is in depends on how poisonous it is
Term
Hazard
Definition
how toxic is the chemical
Term
Risk
Definition
probability that toxicity will occur
Term
Toxicity
Definition
the capacity of a chemical to cause injury
Term
Toxicology
Definition
the science of defining the concentration or doses at which chemicals cause injuries to organisms
Term
LD50
Definition
Lethal dose, killing 50% of the population
Term
Acute
Definition
exposure lasting short duration
Term
Chronic
Definition
longer term exposure
Term
Hazard Assessment
Definition
determining how dangerous a chemical is
Term
Isotope
Definition
atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
Term
Dobson unit
Definition
unit of measurement for a trace gas in the Earths atmosphere
0.01 mm at ground level
Term
Emission scenarios
Definition
scenarios generally presented in IpCC reports, representing the outcomes of distinct narratives of economic development and demographic and technological change
Term
Milankovitch cycles
Definition
past ice ages are linked to regular variations in the Earths orbit around the sun
Term
Enhanced greenhouse effect
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
What are CFCs?
Definition
different combinations of: carbon, chlorine, and flourine
Term
What do greenhouse gasses do?
Definition
absorb heat into the atmosphere
Term
SST
Definition
sea surface temperature
Term
What causes acid rain?
Definition
release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that undergo reactions in the atmosphere.
Term
acidity
Definition
concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Term
pH
Definition
a measure of acidity
Term
Does acidification happen right away?
Definition
-no, takes time
- some of the acidity is buffered by the soil
Term
Critical loads
Definition
estimate of the maximum level of S and N deposition that a system can receive without biological damage occurring
Term
Ozone
Definition
a colourless, odourless gas and a major component of smog
Term
sulphur dioxide
Definition
colourless gas that smells like burnt matches
Term
Science of hope
Definition
restoration ecology
Term
this government department managed the science for understanding the allowable catch in the cod industry
Definition
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
Term
NPP
Definition
Net primary productivity
Term
The ozone layer refers to a decreased concentration of ozone in what part of atmosphere?
Definition
Stratosphere
Term
What compound makes certain areas and soils less susceptible to acid deposition?
Definition
Limestone
Term
What phenomenon is critical to understanding why ozone levels drop so much over the Antarctic in southern hemisphere spring?
Definition
Polar stratospheric clouds
Term
One of the primary challenges in restoring an ecosystem is answering what question?
Definition
-What is natural
-What state are we restoring the system to
Term
Eutrophication
Definition
excessive loading of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus and organic matter
Term
Restoring and ecosystem involves restoring these two characteristics
Definition
Function and Structure
Term
Unpolluted, natural precipitation has this pH?
Definition
5.65
Term
Acid rain can damage ecosystems by mobilizing these chemicals?
Definition
metals/heavy metals
Term
Carbon Monoxide
Definition
automobile exhaust
Term
economic prosperity
Definition
expansion in environmental groups
Term
economic decline
Definition
contraction of environmental groups
Term
Grassroots organizations
Definition
small groups that mobilize around issues of community concern
Term
Advisory groups
Definition
Organizations based around the collection and analysis of scientific of legal data, which is then used to inform policy
Term
Sustainable Agriculture
Definition
-industrialization is not sustainable
-based on the conservations of forever of the agricultural soils of the world
Term
Hills first law of environmental science
Definition
pessimism is a self-fulfilling prophesy
Term
social fairness
Definition
Equitable and fair distribution of resources and environmental risks, within and between generations
Term
economic viability
Definition
competitiveness remains paramount
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