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| group of similar organisms that can freely interbreed. |
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members of the same species living in the same area at the same time.
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| the soil and rock in the Earth’s crust |
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Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C
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o Stored energy, result of the position of matter, not its motion.
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| what is the first law of thermodynamics? |
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o Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
o Amount of energy present in the universe at its formation is the amount that exists today.
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| whats the second law of thermodynamics? |
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o When energy is converted from one form to another, some is degraded into a less usable form (heat) that goes into the surrounding environment.
o No process requiring energy conversion can be 100% efficient.
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Photosynthetic pigment
Green, absorbs radiant energy
Used to make glucose from CO2
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the feeding levels in a food chain or food web.
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| producers are known by what other name? |
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| organic matter that includes animal carcasses, leaf litter and feces |
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| how do hydrothermal vent communities derive energy? |
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| bacteria living in the tissues of the tube worms extract energy from hydrogen sulfide. |
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| whats a food web and whats so great about it |
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| a complex of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. A food web is a much more realistic model of the flow of energy through an ecosystem because it shows multiple possibilities, whereas the food chain shows only one |
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| energy flow is always _______. |
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| The Number pyramid shows the number of organisms in each trophic level |
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| This pyramid indicates the total mass of the organisms in each trophic level |
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| The Energy pyramid indicates the total amount of energy present in each trophic level |
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| net primary productivity = |
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| NPP = GPP - CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
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| a biological community and its abiotic environment |
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| an organism that is vital in determining the nature and structure of an entire ecosystem |
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| the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object |
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| any intimate relationship between members of two or more species. |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which both partners benefit |
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| a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other one is neither harmed nor helped |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which one member, the parasite, benefits, and the other, the host, is harmed |
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many animals can run very quickly, burrow, have spines or quills, shells, some live in herds, skin toxins, warning coloration, camouflage or sharp teeth and claws.
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| plants have spines, thorns, tough leaves, thick wax or toxins (nicotine). |
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| The full potential niche that an organism can fulfill. |
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· The niche that an organism actually fulfills. It is more limited due to competition
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| Characteristics of an ecosystem which determine if an organism can live there |
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o No two species may occupy the same niche. The greater the overlap between the species, the greater one dominates over the other.
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| transitional zone between ecosystems |
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| The species which are naturally best adapted to their environment survive to reproduce |
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| Succession where there is no soil. |
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| The initial community that comes in primary succession |
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· Succession where the ecosystem has been destroyed but there still is soil.
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| answer to everything on the AP test? |
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| HUMANS ****'ED THE EARTH UP |
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