Term
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Definition
| impact of human activity on ecosystems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Economic Growth
Economic Development |
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Definition
Economic Growth: increasing goods and services
Economic Development: nation improves its economy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| environmental impact = population X affluence/consumption X technology impact |
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Term
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Definition
| products and processes with unknown effects should be resisted |
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Term
| 3 laws of matter and energy |
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Definition
1. law of conservation of matter: there is no away
2. 1st law of thermodynamics: you can't get something from nothing
3. 2nd law of thermodynamics: you can't break even |
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Term
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Definition
quaternary consumers
tertiary consumers
secondary consumers
primary consumers
producers |
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Term
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Definition
| overall set of tolerance limits for all environmental factors where a species can live |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the habitat where the specie lives |
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Term
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Definition
wide niche
eat anything
do well with humans |
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Term
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Definition
narrow niche
specific food
do poorly with humans |
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Term
| native and nonnative species |
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Definition
native: always been there
nonnative: introduced- human
alien/exotic- nonhuman |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
indicator species
and
keystone species |
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Definition
indicator species: an organism whose presence reflects a certain environmental condition
keystone species: other species depend on it |
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Term
Competition
Interspecific
Intraspecific
Resource Partitioning |
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Definition
interspecific: same species
interspecific: different species
resource partitioning: when species divide a niche to avoid competition |
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Term
Predation
Prey
Predator
Herbivore
Defenses |
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Definition
predator: eats prey
prey: gets eaten by predators
herbivore: eats plants
defenses: avoid predation |
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Term
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Definition
| parasite lives in or on the host |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
one species benefits
one is unaffected
+/0 |
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Term
Population
size/abundance
density |
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Definition
size/abundance: amount of species
density: measurement of population per unit area or volume |
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Term
population changes
births
deaths |
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Definition
birth: add to the population
death: decrease to the population |
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Term
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Definition
immigration: to move into
emigration: to leave
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Term
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Definition
| how large a population can be with unlimited resources |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Limiting Factors
Carrying Capacity
Environmental Resistance
Density-dependent
Density Independent |
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Definition
carrying capacity: (K) maximum population size that can be supported
environmental resistance: factor that restrict biotic potential
density-dependent: when pop. growth rates are regulated by density
density-independent: any factor limiting population size
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Reproductive patterns
r-selected species
K-selected species |
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Definition
r-selected species: emphasize high growth rate
K-selected species: produce low # of offspring |
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Term
Natural Selection
directional
stabilizing
disruptive |
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Definition
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Term
Reproductive Isolation
habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, gamete incompatibility, hybrid unviability/infertility |
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Definition
habitat: occupy different niches
temporal: reproduce at different times
behavioral: different song/dance/mating ritual
mechanical: reproductive parts are incompatible
gamete incompatibility: sperm and egg don't fuse
hybrid inviability/infertility: offspring don't survive or can't reproduce |
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Term
Speciation
Allopatric
Sympatric
Parapatric |
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Definition
Allopatric speciation: geographic isolation
Sympatric speciation: in the same place (rare, mostly plants)
Parapatric speciation: difference in the opposite ends of distribution (may interbreed making hybrids) |
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Term
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Definition
Vulnerable
only live in one area, specialized to a certain environment |
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Term
Biogeographical Patterns
Tropical
Temperate
Coastal
Alpine |
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Definition
tropical: >200cm rainfall/year, supports greatest diversity, warm to hot temps, no seasons
temperate: mild temperatures
coastal: mangroves, dunes, beaches, islands, rocky shores, bays, swamps
alpine: tundra, snow and mountains
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Term
Marine Biomes
open ocean
coastal ocean
coral reefs |
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Definition
open ocean: sunlight, top layer of the ocean
Coastal ocean: waters above the continental shelf
coral reefs: small colonial animals and photosynthetic plants |
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Term
Freshwater Biomes
lakes
rivers and streams
wetlands |
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Definition
lakes: oligotrophic, eutrophic and watershed
rivers and streams: flowing water
wetlands: land submerged |
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Term
Terrestrial Biomes
Forests
Grasslands
Deserts |
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Definition
Forests: deciduous and coniferous
Grasslands: rain for grass not trees, prairies and savannah
Deserts: driest, <30cm rainfall/year
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Term
Threats
habitat destruction
invasive species
overharvesting
climate change |
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Definition
habitat destruction: conversion to other uses, fragmentation
invasive species: thrive in new territory, take over
overharvesting: hunting/killing
climate change: global warming |
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Term
Species of Concern
vulnerable
threatened
endangered |
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Definition
vulnerable: naturally rare or requires specific habitat type
threatened: likely to become endangered
endangered: imminent probability of extinction |
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Term
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Definition
| $ amount that could be applied to natural resources and ecosystem services |
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Term
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Definition
| stop own people from killing endangered species |
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Term
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Definition
- list species
- private landowners |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ecosystem approach
hotspots
parks and reserves
restoration and rehibilitation |
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Definition
hotspots: place that has significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction
parks and reserves: zoos, aquariums, botanical gardens
restoration and rehabilitation: assisting with recovery |
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