Term
| If you use 12lbs of grain to feed an animal, about how much meat will you get out of it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these biomes has high productivity and low diversity?
a. Boreal coniferous forests
b.coral reef
c. tropical rainforest
d. mangrove swamp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A _______ is a wetland with trees in it.
a. bog b. swamp c. marsh d.estuary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You are more likely to see higher trophic level predators in the land or sea or equal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Experts are predicting that there will be major wars in the future over water. T or F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
________ should be at most 10% of your diet in order to live healthy.
Sugar, meat and dairy, carbs, or fruits and veggys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The three characteristics of wetlands are... |
|
Definition
| plants (hydrophytes), hydric soils and inundation |
|
|
Term
| What are three consequences of outside culture arriving in Ladakh? |
|
Definition
1. Decrease in women's power in society
2. Increase in crime
3. Prevalence of drug abuse |
|
|
Term
| Wetlands are important for these 4 reasons. |
|
Definition
| 1. They filter out environmental toxins 2. They serve as a home for wildlife 3. They slow flood waters 4. They collect runoff from erosion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Sphagnum
2. Mallard duck
3. Red Maple
4. Wood frog |
|
|
Term
| What most allowed for the development of urbanization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical predator population will follow in sync with a prey population, with no lag. T or F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the video seen in discussion, about what percent of grain production is used for cattle instead of human consumption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of biome is found at 30 degrees latitude North and South? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best food for a good diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coral Reefs have been destroyed greatly by arsenic. T or F? |
|
Definition
| False, by poor land use, disease and overfishing |
|
|
Term
| The tropical rainforest has the tallest trees on earth, T or F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many calories are in a gram of fat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best way to classify a wetland is by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eutrophication is characterized by (3) |
|
Definition
1. nutrient rich
2. very productive
3. depleted of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| List 3 aspects of counterdevelopment |
|
Definition
1. decentralization
2. preservation of family structure
3. preservation of farming |
|
|
Term
| A major limiting factor in the rainforest ecosystem is (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 characteristics of boreal forests? |
|
Definition
1. Coniferous trees
2. Cold temps
3. Permafrost |
|
|
Term
| Spring and Fall turnover occur due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a temperature of a liquid increases (ie our oceans from global warming), the liquids ability to hold gases ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best way to get rid of sewage treatment plant effluent is to pour it into a ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following biomes is least affected by fire? |
|
Definition
| Temperate deciduous forest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following biomes has most of its nutrients in the living biomass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the US it takes about _______ calories of fossil fuel to get one calorie into your stomach. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Attempts to solve the problem of salinization in agricultural soils are most likely to result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is soluble in fats AND it takes a long time to biodegrade |
|
|
Term
| Desertification is most common in ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which forest type is most accurately described as a "forest growing upon itself" because of all the dead wood on the forest floor? |
|
Definition
| Temperate deciduous forest |
|
|
Term
| 6 things you should understand that explain why we have diff. types of vegitation |
|
Definition
1. earth is round
2. earth is tilted
3. 365 days
4. 24hrs a day
5. size of planet
6. distance from sun |
|
|
Term
| Outside of the tropics, two things mainly dictate vegetation |
|
Definition
| Temperature and precipitation |
|
|
Term
| Biome map will be similar to this map (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-67 layers
-vertically complex
-80% of species found here
-H2O doesn't limit; some competition for nutrients; lots of competition for sun
-Lots of GAPS because tall trees fall
-Emergent trees:grow taller than any other
-Epiphytes |
|
|
Term
TROPICAL DECIDUOUS RAINFOREST
animals |
|
Definition
-Sloth:canopy animal, slow metabolism, only eats greens
-Leaf Cutter Ants:canopy, bark, feed leaves to fungi and then eat fungi
-Poison Dart Frog
-Epiphytes
-Something about tubular and hummingbird pollination
-Mostly gone in China
-Yearround precipitation with warm and cold season
-High diversity
-Limestone
-Spring Wild Flowers: Spring Beauty, Shooting Star: Short growing season, take a long time to grow (up to 10years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dry forest that burns with fire every few years => keeps tree cover down
-Favors grass growth-needs fire and grazing to survive
-Biggest producers of fixed carbon are TERMITES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-30 degree latitude N+S
-Root systems compete to find H2O
-Reptiles better adapted to H2O source than mammals
-Kangaroo Rat, uses photosynthesis to create H2O
-Jack Rabbit-big ears to lose heat
-Balebod trees hold H2O in trunks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Biggest type of forest
-Great White North
-Northern half is permafrost and wetlands
-stored carbon
-low diversity of trees b/c of low temp
-Most trees are small needle evergreens
-Spruce trees
-Thick moss on soil
-Pyramid shape to handle snow
-Carbon fixed in PEAT MOSS-highest producing in the world where most CO2 has gone (storage)
-large diversities and large trees
-Sequoia is largest tree, needs fire to be born otherwise firs will grow and when fire happens, it will climb up firs to sequoias |
|
|
Term
| TEMPERATE (CONIFEROUS) RAINFOREST |
|
Definition
-Pacific Northern Coast, west side of continent by winds
-Moss covered grounds
-Tremendous amounts of wood on ground
-Dependent on large trees falling
-Devil's Club (large thorns) grow throughout
-Redwoods need fires at large intervals to destroy competition
-Lots of epiphytes
-Cedar and Maple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SHORTGRASS:
-Grass, herbaceous plants, legumes (ie: blue indigo)
-Maintained by burning regularly, "presribed burns"
-90% of biomass is below ground
-neutral soil
-Bison
-Short grass has most extreme temp. change in US: grow wheat, flax, sugar beats
-Nomadic herders
-Resident Shrubs: evolved to burn
TEMPERATE:
-Midwest; border is temp. decid. forest; tall grasses reach 12feet
-Schapparal, S. Cali: burns every 5-10yrs
THE LONGER ITS BEEN SINCE THE LAST FIRE, THE MORE FUEL THERE IS FOR THE NEXT ONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Adirondacks
-Same plants as arctic tundra but no permafrost |
|
|
Term
| Temperature in Aquatic Systems and why it's significant |
|
Definition
| Temp is uniformed and less energy is needed to maintain body temp so it has a longer food chain then terrestrial ecosystem |
|
|
Term
| Key Factors of Aquatic Ecosystems |
|
Definition
-Lights gets dimmed by H2O so photosynthesis can only occur until a certain depth (clarity of H2O tells productivity)
-Gases; Oxygen is limiting: Concentration of gases in H2O is directly correlated with temp (low river means low amts of oxygen)
-Flow Rate of H2O: whatever moves water, brings oxygen to it
-Less productivity per square unit area |
|
|
Term
| 8 Ways of Sustainable Food Production |
|
Definition
1. Shifting Agriculture
2. Flood Plain Agriculture
3. Irrigation
4. Wet Rice Agriculture
5. Permaculture
6. Swamp Ridge Cultivation
7. Biointensive Agriculture
8. Mixed Farming |
|
|
Term
| In what kind of climates does Mixed Farming work as a form of sustainable food production? |
|
Definition
| RELATIVELY cold climates like in the Northeast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sustainable Food Production
-Making raised beds with compost throughout the system
-Small scale
-Labor intensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sustainable Food Production
-Never done on a huge scale
-wet ridges, dry tops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sustainable Food Production
-based on woody plants
-derived from complexity of tropical forest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sustainable Food Production
-Type of irrigation where it rains a lot
-Nitrogen fixing organisms live in rice patties
-Need ducks, fish, geese, animals
-Other high starch crops like bananas grow in same area
-1 calorie in:25 out, HIGHLY EFFICIENT in traditional way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tall plants can't grow because it's too cold
-Permafrost, ground is frozen year-round 1-2 feet down so roots can't go deep (small plants grow)
- Extreme ecology
-Not much diversity: small, tough, slow growing
-Shallow pools when grounds thaw: Polygon ponds, very productive with mosquitos and insects in the summer; birds come and breed
-2-3mo growing season that lasts 24hrs/day
-Animals with round little ears and short hair
-Lemmings multiply quickly b/c they eat grass so predators can't control the population; 4yr cycle
-Caribou, try to get away from biting insects so they migrate
-Tree line: line between trees and tundra
-Tamagon (related to pheasant) feathers turn white in winter |
|
|
Term
| MONTANE CONIFEROUS FORESTS |
|
Definition
-Alps, cascades, rockies
-Huge changes in elevation lets diff. kinds of trees get segregated by altitude
-Fire ladder=low branches so it can shoot right up |
|
|
Term
| Sediment from the Susquehanna River is flowing to this Dam which is (unintentionally) giving the Chesapeake Bay a break from but it is soon about to overflow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is a long distance relationship between (3) |
|
Definition
| o Diet and health o Food production and consequences (Gulf of Mexico has 1foot of fertile topsoil) o Diet and exploitation of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. monounsat(plant) 2. saturated 3. polyun(plant)
*Animal fat is at least 1/2 unsaturated fat *All fats are a mix of all three |
|
|
