Term
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Definition
| Written by Emerson (1836) (Definitions), human construct, solitude can only be found in nature |
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| 1964 (Definitions), Defines wilderness, land untrammeled by man, undeveloped, primeval character, controls nature |
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| "Forever Virgin: The American view of America" |
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Definition
| Perrin (Definitions), Nature as a virgin woman, gendered, feminine, untouched, pure, non threatening, tamed, technological advancements |
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Term
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| Snyder (Definitions), nature is not a social construct, it is real and we need first hand experience with it, it is vitally important |
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Term
| Cosmogonies of Iroquois, Cherokee, Sioux and Navaho |
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Definition
- (Creation)
- Iroquois: Earth Diver, Earth is on the back of the Turtle
- Cherokee: Earth Diver, Water Beetle
- Sioux: Man sprang from soil of Great plains
- Navaho: Emergence, colors, gendered roles, four directions, ritual purification, animals as humans
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| Eden: Moral Power of a Biblical Landscape |
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Definition
| (Creation) Hiebert, Judeo-Christian beginnings, (Genesis 1-Man has dominion over nature, was written by a Priest, human in God's image), (Genesis 2-Written by a Yahwist, humans serve nature, humans are created from soil, arable land, topsoil) we have focused mainly on Gen 1 and man's hold over nature. |
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Definition
| Rasmussen (Creation), religious beliefs that we are outside of nature is the root cause of all environmental issues, religion is also the cure if we hold ourselves accountable to the other people in our religion |
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Term
| Deep Ecology: A new Paradigm |
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Definition
| Capra (Creation), humans are equal to nature-not separate, intrinsic value, all beings are interconnected, shallow ecology cannot deal with today's issues. |
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Term
| The Deep Ecological Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects |
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Definition
| Naess (Creation), coined shallow ecology, anthropocentric, instraumental value, efficient growth, tech as fix, functionalism |
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| Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique |
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Definition
| Guha (Creation), deep ecology is not universal-limited, doesn't address the poor, DE=Hegemonic+imperialist+ hierarchical, Unequal distribution of resources and consumption, misappropriates culture |
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Term
| Introduction to White Noise |
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Definition
| Osteen (Proliferation), White Noise as a social commentary, it brings up the use of resources and about Death |
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Term
| An Ecocritical Approach to White Noise |
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Definition
| Mackenzie (Proliferation), how a modern family views the environment and nature |
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Term
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Definition
| Berry (Proliferation), small things will eventually add up to big change, everyone needs to do their part, lobby for government changes when you can |
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Term
| Faustian Economics: Hell Hath No Limits |
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Definition
| Berry (Proliferation), limits must be placed on humans, must be extreme, things are worse than when he wrote "Think Little", giant corporations are essentially evil, we cannot cure what technology has done by more technology |
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Term
| Definitions of Anthropocentrism |
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Definition
| Human centered, man above nature, man separate from nature, man is different than the rest of the world |
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Definition
| Jensen (individuation), root cause of environmental issues is industry, personal actions really have no effect must change American way of life, focus big picture and how to change it on a fundamental level |
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| A Short History of Environmental Apocalypse |
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Definition
| Buell (Destruction), Hiroshima and Cold War, Catastrophe vs. Judgment: Not Judgment because it is our own doing, Scientific solutions are not enough, we must look to social science and Env humanities as well, HIV/AIDS is an environmental Crisis, culture is inseparable from environment |
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Term
| Beyond Humanity's End: An Exploration of a Dramatic Versus a Narrative Rhetoric and its Ethical Implications |
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Definition
Deanne-Drummond (Destruction)
Drama: Dynamic, individual connection, positive, action, engaging, audience participation, imagination, agency, collective communal, mitigation
Narrative: Static, pessimistic, resignation, implies fate/determined outcome, stories, power of Narroator, adaption
Gaia Hypothesis: Earth finds a way to reach a balance |
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Term
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Definition
Plant (Destruction),
Ecology is study of our relationship to an ecosystem on earth, everything is related
Ecofeminism; Women=Nature- Degrading, dismissive, marginalizing : Man:Culture, Positive, affirmative, centralizing, accepting, oppressive : origin comes from reproduction, nurturing, sustaining, focus on body : all things, men and women are equal, we need nature as much as we need culture |
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Term
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Definition
| Merchant (Destruction), women and nature are related because both have been oppresed by men, both are life sustaining, both are incredibly important, biology is not destiny |
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Term
| Woman Against Wasting the World: Notes on Eschatology and Ecology |
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Definition
| Keller (Destruction), destruction of status quo, degendering of God, community and relatedness, Earth as a woman, wasting and ravaging the female Earth |
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Term
| From Woodcraft to 'Leave no Trace' |
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Definition
| Turner (Recreation), advancement of consumerism, used to be to prove manlieness, now to reconnect with nature, while we leave no trace out in the wilderness, we leave lots of trace elsewhere. |
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Term
| Postindustrial Park or Borgeois Playground? |
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Definition
| Heyman (Recreation), Seattles Gas Works Park, site specificity, relation to larger issues in the community, |
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Term
| The Meaning of the Sabbath |
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Definition
| Wirzba (Recreation), Sabbath is super important, it keeps us rooted to nature and to God |
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Term
| Wilderness as Sabbath for the Land |
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Definition
| Sanders (Recreation), leave wilderness untouched by leaving the 7th Day untouched, wilderness and nature are deeply intertwined with Sabbath |
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Term
| This Day: An Introduction |
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Definition
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Term
| The Trouble with Wilderness |
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Definition
| Cronon (Definition), the idea of wilderness furthers the duality, moral obligation to save them, pluralism |
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Term
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Definition
| Merchant in Cronon (Creation), Eden was perfect, have to work to get back to it, American Frontier was finding Eden, must find new visions of Eden now that the frontier is gone |
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Term
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Definition
Proctor in Cronon (Proliferation)
Ethical dimensions of environmental debates, subjectivity, moral obligations, wise use movement |
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Term
| Toward a Philosophy of Nature |
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Definition
| Harrison in Cronon (Individuation) |
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Term
| On the Search for a Root Cause |
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Definition
| Ellis in Cronon (Individuation), we get too caught up in searching for one root cause, that nothing ever gets done, there are so many causes that we need to work to fix one at a time as opposed to looking for a one fix fixes all |
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Term
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Definition
| Dichiro in Cronon (Individuation), environmental justice, Environment is where you live, work, play and worship, Grassroots activism, people as part of environment |
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Term
| Simulated Nature and Natural Simulation |
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Definition
Hayles in Cronon (Recreation)
Simulated nature is VR, Natural Simulation is Yosemite, |
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Term
| Are you an Environmentalist or Do You Work for a Living? |
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Definition
White in Cronon (Recreation)
The idea that environmentalism is just for the rich or people who don't actually do work |
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| Westward the Course of Empire |
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Boyle
Main characters: Ty Tierwater, Andrea Tierwater, Maclovio Pulchris, Teo, Chuy, Sierra |
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| Dion 2007, a tree decays under a bunch of sprinklers in a room, technology keeps it alive |
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Definition
| Artwork that is created to be in a certain place |
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| A Line and Tracks in Bolivia |
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Definition
| Long 1981, Long walked across lava every day for 11 days to show his imprint on the environment |
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Definition
| Art by using the Earth in a way that has deeper meaning |
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Definition
| Serra 1970, a wall in the field that shows the eyelevel of two people, breaks the idea of a single centered way of looking at art |
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Term
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Definition
| Rahmani 1991, the restoration of a half of a wetland habitat, visual narrative |
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Term
| Coyote, I Like America and America Likes me |
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Definition
| Beuys 1974, in a cage with a coyote for 7 days to learn how to live with nature |
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Term
| A Gathering of Waters: Rio Grande, Source to Sea |
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Definition
| Irland 1995-2000, water was captured at a bunch of sites and then sent down the river |
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Term
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Definition
| Belmore 1992, invited leaders, writers and speakers to speak to the land through a giant speaker |
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Term
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Definition
| Haacke 1965, the process of condensation was shown and people could interact with it |
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Term
| Reading Position for Second Degree Burn |
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Definition
| Oppenheim 1970, he recieved energy to his body as opposed to expending it like most artists |
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Term
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Definition
| Smithson 1970, a huge spiral was built into Utah's Great Salt Lake, represented entropy, no center, dissolves over time |
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Term
| "Roden Crater" and "Skyspaces" |
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Definition
| Turrell 1979, turned an inactive volcanoe into an oberservatory of sorts, smoothed it out. Skyspaces are viewing chambers that are open to the sky 2003. |
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Term
| "Shelter for the Forest Deer" and "Wave Chamber" |
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Definition
| Drury 1987&1996, Shelter is a little hut in the woods that causes you to be introspective. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of photographical device that reflects the surrounding area upside down, Drury uses them |
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Term
| "The Mediated Motion" and "Your Spiral View" |
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Definition
| Eliasson 2001&2002. Mediated motion leads the viewer through rooms that represent the elements. Spiral View is a tunnel with mirrors that make it appear as if though you are spiraling. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mendieta 1973-1980, would mold her body into the ground, eventually would wear away, temporal nature |
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Term
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Definition
| Derges 1998, took cool pictures of the river and developed them at the river |
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Term
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Definition
| A technical device that produces images without an optical apparatus |
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Term
| "Prima Lingua" and "The Gift of Water" |
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Definition
| Brookner 1996 and 2001, Prima Lingua is a water filtration system that is biologically based. Hands giving water. |
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Term
| "Water Mirror", "Big Hands Conference" and "Future Compass" |
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Definition
| Ikeda 1998, 2000 and 2005. Brought water from the Hudson to a space. Focused on water shortage and pollution. Water shortage in the future |
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Term
| "River Books" and "Ice Book" |
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Definition
| Irland 1989, preserved books she found with wire and beeswax |
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Term
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Definition
| Harrison and Harrison 1970s, New forms of ecologically friendly human habitation, goes up instead of out. |
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Term
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Definition
- Definition: Nature, Wilderness, Environment
- Creation: Cosmogonies, Cosmologies--> Judeo Christian and Native American
- Proliferation: Ishmael, "Airborne Toxic Event"- How toxins and pollution Proliferates, overconsumption
- Individuation: Power of the individual, anthropocentric, individualism
- Destruction: Human caused apocalypses, Catastrophe vs. Judgment, Scientific Solutions are not enough
- Recreation: Use of environment
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| Indiviudal nature, power of individual, selfishness, anthropocentrism, groupings |
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| Expanding nature of humanity, toxins and pollution |
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