Term
| Why are insects important? |
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Definition
MEDICAL REASONS:
- malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, west nile fever, filiarisis (many diseases)
SHEER ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY:
- Insects dominate the planet
FOOD WEB DYNAMICS
- Help transfer energy from plants (captured formt he sun)
- Insect corporates from plants.
POLINATION AND INSECT PRODUCTS
- Humans derive wax from bee colonies. Humans collect pollen and honey.
SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE:
- Genetics...etc. variance of science (all areas of science)
INSPIRATION FOR LITERATURE, MUSIC, AND ART. |
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Term
| MAIN BODY REGIONS: Insects are segmented how? What are the segments? |
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Definition
| Segments form Tagma. Tagma is the fusing of segments. CONSISTS of: Abdomen (around 11 segs.), Thorax (3 segs.), and Head. |
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Term
| MAIN BODY REGIONS: Exoskeleton |
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Definition
| Sclerites (harder than membrane), Flexible membranes, Coats everything ex. wings, and mouthparts inside and out; exception: guts |
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Term
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Definition
| Basement membrane (where the exoskeleton starts), Cellular Epidermia: living layer of cells, Cuticle: gives the structure to the exoskeleton (harderns it), Epicuticle: allows insect to be waterproof, gives surface properties to the exoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
Chitin: a polysaccharride
Sclerotin: protein
Sclerotinization
Waxes and lipids |
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Term
| Consequences of an Exoskeleton? |
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Definition
-Retards/prevents water loss (insects able to keep water in due to water and lipids)
-Physical defensive barrier
-Growth by molting
-Able to fly
-Precise muscle attached
-Shock absorption
-Size limitation
*Strength: power of 2
*Mass: power of 3 |
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Term
| Insect HEAD>Mouthparts:generalized chewing> LABRUM |
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Definition
| functions as an upper lip; helps keep food in the mouth as it's being processed |
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Term
| CHEWING MOUTHPART>Mandibles |
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Definition
| 1 of 2 set of jaws; come together underneath the labrum, serves to cut up food; jaws come together sideways (grinds/cuts) |
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Term
| CHEWING MOUTHPART>Maxillae |
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Definition
| 2nd set of jaws; a pair of them that comes together; it is hidden behind the mandibles; Additional grinding once food passes through mandibles |
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Term
| CHEWING MOUTHPART> Labium |
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Definition
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Term
| CHEWING MOUTHPARTS> Palps |
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Definition
| finger-likie projections that comes off the labum; manipulates the food ( james it into their mouth) They have taste receptors at the end |
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Term
| CHEWING MOUTHPART> Hypopharynx |
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Definition
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Term
| PIERCING-SUCKING MOUTHPARTS |
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Definition
| - Do not chew, evovles from the basic chewing mouthparts. |
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Term
| PIERCING-SUCKING MOUTHPARTS> Labium |
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Definition
| Big long protective troft...gutter |
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Term
| PIERCING-SUCKING MOUTHPARTS> Labrum |
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Definition
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Term
| PIERCING-SUCKING MOUTHPARTS> Mandibular Stylet |
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Definition
- Modified to form stylets; stylets hook together in pairs, holds the maxillary stylets inside.
- Once the stylets jab into plant, the food canal sucks it up
- Salivary canal may inject toxin to paralyze.
- *Stylets evovle from MANDIBLE + MAXILLAE |
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Term
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Definition
| Spongy mouthparths. spongy-lapping ; uses sponges to sponge up their food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have a little big of everything. Mandibles : chew/cut hidden behind galea |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory structures: detects odor, humidity, vibration in air (sound), wind, windspeed, wind direction. Wide variety of types. |
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Term
| Parts and Stucture of Antennae |
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Definition
[Goes form the head outward]
1.) scape
2.) pedicel
3.) flagellum
4.) Johnston's organ (located inthe scape) DETECTS VIBRATION, FLIGHT SPEED, RIPPLES IN WATER, SOUND |
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Term
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Definition
| Each one of the facets have structures called "ommatidium" |
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Term
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Definition
| Detect whether it's light or dark |
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Term
| Features of the THORAX [segments] |
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Definition
Three segments: pro-, meso-, meta-
- 1st segment:prothorax(adjacent to head)
- 2nd segment: mesothorax(middle)
- last segment: metathorax(adjacent to abdomen) |
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Term
| What is the thorax responsible for? |
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Definition
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Term
| THORAX> what's special about each segment? |
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Definition
Tergum (notum)...top part if Pro-notum..prothorax is enlarged
PLEURONS (sides)
STERNUM (bottom) |
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Term
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Definition
| Insects have 3 pairs of legs; therefore 6 legs TOTAL |
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Term
| THORAX> Legs> Parts of leg |
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Definition
- Coxa (looks like a ball-joint attached to thorax)
- Trochanter
- femur
- tibia
- tarsus (multi-segmented)
- pretarsus (comes into contact with surface) |
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Term
| MODIFIED LEGS: a)Cursorial, b)Natatorial, c)Saltatorial, d)Raptorial, e)Fossorial |
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Definition
a) run/walk
b) swim
c) jump
d) grabbing prey/predator
e) dig |
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Term
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Definition
- Only organs of flight among invertebrates.
- Power of flight is tremendous.
- Not all insects have wings. |
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Term
| Two main categories of insecTs based on wings: A)APTERYGOTA B)PTERYGOTA |
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Definition
A) DO NOT HAVE WINGS (WITHOUT)
B) HAVE WINGS (WITH) |
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Term
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Definition
| WINGS ARE 2 LAYERS OF EXOSKELETON THAT ARE SMASHED TOGETHER; UPPER LAYER + LOWER LAYER; TRAPPED BETWEEN LAYERS ARE NERVES, BLOOD CELLS, AND RESPIRATORY |
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Term
| Modified Wings> Basic wings |
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Definition
| Membranous (membrane) most insects have 2 pairs of wings: MESOTHORAX + METATHORAX |
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Term
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Definition
'HALTERES' IN FLIES: pair of halteres in the metathorax help flies fly, function as 'gyroscope'
'ELYTRA' IN BEETLES
'HEMELYTRA' IN TRUE BUGS (HALFWINGS)
TEGMINA IN GRASSHOPPERS (AERODYNAMICS)
WING PADS IN SAME JUVENILES (DEVELOPMENTAL WINGS) |
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Term
| DO ADULT OR JUVENILES HAVE WINGS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about scales on butterflies? |
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Definition
Scales on butterflies and moths (defracts light) has thousands and thousands of shingles.
Tremendous variety of forms.
*venation pattern can be used for identification* |
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Term
| What does the ABDOMEN function as? |
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Definition
| [holds guts] RESPIRATION. |
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Term
| EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES of ABDOMEN |
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Definition
[Main physiological functions]
- CERCUS: like fingers, use for sensory input. reproductive features..
- SPIRACLES: holes in abdomen
- OVIPOSITOR (FEMALES): a valve, deploy eggs
- CERCI (MALES) |
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Term
| What is the abdomen's texture...? |
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Definition
| - Usually relatively soft and flexible: mating, oviposition, making stinging VERY FLEXIBLE |
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Term
| What is special about Abdominal Legs? |
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Definition
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Term
| RESPIRATORY in the ABDOMEN |
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Definition
*external respiratory structures = gills*
Entrance to the respiratory system:Spiracles in adults; pair of holes (one on each side of body)
Insects do not breath through mouth.
They have a set of valve to preent water loss..or not, hooks onto a tube into body. |
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Term
| Are insects prokaryotic or eukaryotic? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic: require oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| Problems dealing with respiration |
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Definition
Problems with water loss.
Diffusion of CO2 thorugh tissues is 25x faster than O2 excreting through tissues. |
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Term
| How to get O2 to tissues? Spiracles? |
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Definition
Diffusion won't work except in very small animals.
Spiracles = entry way for gas exchange (only opens up to breath) do not inhale of exhale! |
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Term
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Definition
| A)Spiracular valve, spiracular opening, tracheal trunk, air sac, tracheole, muscle system |
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Term
| Do insects use hemoglobin to breathe?Air sac? Active ventilation? |
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Definition
NO.
Air sac: throughout body; displaces guts, tissues, etc.; acts as storage for oxygen...enables growth.
Active ventilation: coordinate ventilation (spiracle opening) |
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