Term
| How many described species of Hemiptera are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main character of Hemiptera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 suborders of Hemiptera? |
|
Definition
| Homoptera and Heteroptera |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of Heteroptera? |
|
Definition
Water scorpions
Assassin bugs
milkweed bugs
stink bugs |
|
|
Term
| What is the distinguishing character of heteroptera? |
|
Definition
| they have a beak that comes off the front of the head |
|
|
Term
| What is the distinguishing character of homoptera? |
|
Definition
| beak comes off the ventral base of the head and is conical and short |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of homoptera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are hemiptera important for plants? |
|
Definition
| Many are vectors of plant diseases. |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Cimicidae and what is the most common species? |
|
Definition
bed bugs
Cimex lectularius (L.) |
|
|
Term
| What diseases do Cimicidae carry? |
|
Definition
| None, they are not human disease vectors |
|
|
Term
| What time are Cimicidae most active and where are their bites usually found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Reduviidae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Reduviidae bites often misdiagnosed as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the black hunter. |
|
Definition
covers itself in dust for camoflage
eat blood
bite extremeties |
|
|
Term
| Are Reduviidae disease vectors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the insect vector for American Trypanosomiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for American Trypanosomiasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Central and South America? |
|
|
Term
| What causes Chaga's and what does it look like? |
|
Definition
| A bacterium in the blood that resembles a sea horse |
|
|
Term
| What is Xenodiagnoses and what is its significance to Chaga's? |
|
Definition
| xenodiagnosis is a way to test for Chaga's. You raise sterile tratoma insects and then allow them to bite humans. Then you test the bug for the bacteria that causes Chaga's. This is much easier than testing human blood. |
|
|
Term
| What is the sign someone has Chaga's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are tratoma spp. bites usually found? |
|
Definition
| around the eyes and mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It progresses for many years and the bacteria congregate around the heart and cause heart attacks. |
|
|
Term
| How many people contract Chaga's yearly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the longest living insect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do cicadas live underground as nymphs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many different broods of the 17 year cicada are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do cicadas emerge as adults? |
|
Definition
| In the last year of their lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe the cicada lifecycle. |
|
Definition
| The females "flag" the tree (damage them and break branches), lay eggs, and nymphs hatch and then burrow into the ground where they stay for a number of years before emerging as adults. |
|
|
Term
| How many different broods of the 13 year cicada are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do cicadas make the sound they make? |
|
Definition
| They pop/pulse out the "tumbles" on their abdomen |
|
|
Term
| What does orthoptera literally mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diseases do orthoptera carry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of pests are orthoptera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many species of orthoptera are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of legs do orthoptera have and why? |
|
Definition
| saltatorial hind legs for hoppin' |
|
|
Term
| What is the orthoptera pronotum like? |
|
Definition
| shield like and forms a collar behind the head |
|
|
Term
| What kind of mouth parts do orthoptera have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of metamorphosis does orthoptera exhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do orthoptera songs slow down? |
|
Definition
| When the temperature decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Singing by rubbing the wings together |
|
|
Term
| What 2 body parts are involved in stridulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of wings do orthoptera have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of stridulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 families of lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the distinguishing feature of Anoplura? |
|
Definition
| the head is narrower than the thorax |
|
|
Term
| What is the distinguishing feature of Mallophaga? |
|
Definition
| the head is wider than the thorax |
|
|
Term
| What do Mallophaga feed on? |
|
Definition
| hair, feathers and epidermis |
|
|
Term
| How many tarsal claws do Mallophaga have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Mallophaga extoparasites of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more numerous, Mallophaga or Anoplura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Mallophaga body flattened? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do Mallophaga lay their eggs? |
|
Definition
| fastened to the hair or feathers of the host |
|
|
Term
| What do Anoplura feed on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many tarsal claws do Anoplura have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Anoplura ectoparasites of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Anoplura flattened? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a recketsal organism? |
|
Definition
| smaller than a bacteria, but larger than a virus |
|
|
Term
| What is the genus species name of crabs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genus species name of head lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genus species name of body lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do Anoplura attach their eggs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Anoplura eggs called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an obligate ectoparasite? |
|
Definition
| Stay on the host for their entire lives |
|
|
Term
| What is an intermittent ectoparasite? |
|
Definition
| Leaves the host occasionally |
|
|
Term
| What type of ectoparasite are pubic/head lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of ectoparasite are body lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Vagabond's disease? |
|
Definition
| pigmented skin from body lice |
|
|
Term
| What lice are vectors of human disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three diseases are caused by body lice? |
|
Definition
Epidemic Typhus
Relapsing fever
Trench fever |
|
|
Term
| What causes the body lice diseases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chemical was originally used to control lice on humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we use to treat lice today? |
|
Definition
| A botanical product from Chrysanthum (pyrethroid insecticide) |
|
|
Term
| What type of insecticide is NIX? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the active ingredient in NIX? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Permethrin kill lice? |
|
Definition
| it is a lice neurotoxin. It prolongs sodium channel activation, which makes them hyper. Then they get exhausted and die. |
|
|
Term
| What are some common names for pubic lice |
|
Definition
crabs
love butterflies
crotch crickets |
|
|
Term
| What are some common names for body lice |
|
Definition
cooties
seam squirrels
mechanized dandruff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of wings do coleoptera have? |
|
Definition
Forewings - elytra
hindwings - memraneous |
|
|
Term
| How many described species of coleoptera are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What proportion of all animal species are beetles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some characters of beetles? |
|
Definition
chewing mouthparts
large compound eyes
no cerci
no appendicular ovipositors |
|
|
Term
| What type of metamorphosis do beetles exhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Siphonaptera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of ectoparasites are fleas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do fleas do in times of low food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are fleas hard to get rid of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genal and pronotal combs that attach to pet hair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common flea family? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the species of flea that parasitize dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
ctenocephaledes canis
ctenocephaledes felis |
|
|
Term
| What species of flea parasitizes humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the genus and species of the oriental rat flea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the oriental rat flea significant? |
|
Definition
| carries the bubonic plague, which killed 3/4 of the European pop during the historic outbreak |
|
|
Term
| What causes the bubonic plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they are conspicuous and feed on dandruff and feces of adult fleas |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lifecycle of the rabbit flea. |
|
Definition
| They live on rabbit's ears. They jump from males to females because they like the female hormones. When the female rabbits are about to give birth, the fleas pick up on the hormone and lay eggs on the females so the new baby fleas can jump onto baby rabbit ears. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to feed on a wide variety of hosts |
|
|
Term
| Why are diptera important medical species? |
|
Definition
| they are vectors for many animal and human diseases |
|
|
Term
| How many described species of diptera are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of wings do diptera have? |
|
Definition
| mesothoracic wings and haltares. |
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes yellow fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes dengue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes encephalities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes filariasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes onchocerciasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes tularemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes african sleeping sickness? |
|
Definition
| glossina sp. tsetse flies and flagellated protozoa |
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes leishmaniasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes bubonic plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes murine typhus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes epidemic typhus? |
|
Definition
| human lice and rickettsia |
|
|
Term
| What insect and microorganism causes Chaga's? |
|
Definition
| Assasin bugs and protozoan |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps in the asexual cycle of the lifecycle of Plasmodium that causes malaria? |
|
Definition
1. female mosquito bites infected person and becomes a vector
2. female mosquito bites an human and inject sporozites and within hours they enter the liver and they rupture
3. They continue to enter and rupture in the liver
4. Merozoites leave the liver and enter the RBCs which also rupture forming more merozoites into the blood.
5. They then make gametocytes
6. The gametocytes are ingested by the mosquito and fuse |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps in the sexual cycle of the lifecycle of Plasmodium that causes malaria? |
|
Definition
1. The gametocytes fuse
2. Cysts develop in the ventricular wall
3. The Cysts rupture and release sporozoites
4. The sporozoites travel to the salivary glands where they can be injected into more human hosts |
|
|
Term
| How often do people die from malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the stylets pierce the blood vessel directly |
|
|
Term
| Who is unaffected by merozoites in malaria? |
|
Definition
| heterozygous individuals for sickle cell anemia. |
|
|
Term
| Define Plieotropic effect. |
|
Definition
| When one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. Example is how heterozygous individuals for sickle cell anemia don't get malaria |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways malaria is treated/prevented? |
|
Definition
malarial chemotherapy
Quinine
bednets |
|
|
Term
| Describe malarial chemotherapy. |
|
Definition
| chemical drugs to treat malaria. Can be problematic because many plasmodia strains have become resistant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found on the bark of Chicona and it seems to prevent merozoites from invading RBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection of a human/animal by dipteran larva |
|
|
Term
| How do botfly ensure their eggs/larvae end up on human/animal hosts? |
|
Definition
| Phoresy - they lay their eggs on less conspicuous insects who can get to hosts easier. |
|
|
Term
| How many species of diptera are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of meloidae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do blister beetles defend themselves? |
|
Definition
| they release noxious chemicals |
|
|
Term
| What is the genus and species of the spanish fly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the spanish fly medically significant? |
|
Definition
| They produce a chemical called cantharidin, which is a urogenital irritant. It is used to give livestock and people erections. |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of cerambycidae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most significant cerambycidae in N. America? |
|
Definition
| The asian long horned beetle. It attacks maples and relatives and is an invasive species. |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Buprestidae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Buprestidae coloring. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most significant buprestidae in N. America, why? |
|
Definition
| Emerald Ash Beetle - they attack ash trees and are an invasive species. They bore into canibial tissue and that disrupts vascular function |
|
|
Term
| Describe the labium of the glossina sp. |
|
Definition
| they project straight out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sleeping sickness in cattle |
|
|
Term
| What part of the body does African Sleeping Sickness effect? |
|
Definition
| the posterior cervical lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| What are the stage 1 symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness? |
|
Definition
irregular fever
glandular enlargement
lethargy |
|
|
Term
| What are the stage 2 symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness? |
|
Definition
protozoans found
speech impairment
extreme lethargy |
|
|
Term
| What are the stage 3 symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug to treat African Sleeping Sickness and what are the side effects? |
|
Definition
| Melarsopral - very painful and can cause death because it is an arsenic derivative |
|
|
Term
| Describe the history of pesticide use. |
|
Definition
Optimistic: 1946-1962
Silent Spring
lots of DDT
EPA formed as a result of CFCs in 1973 |
|
|
Term
| What ways are insects controlled? |
|
Definition
Pesticides/Insecticides
Cultural Control
Physical Control
Biological Control
Genetic Control |
|
|
Term
| Describe cultural control. |
|
Definition
Involves the manipulation of the environment to make it less favorable to pests.
Crop rotation
Timing tillage and harvest
Strip cropping
pruning of trees
water management |
|
|
Term
| What is host plant resistance? |
|
Definition
| It is when the plant that is attacked by a pest can resist its attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tolerance means the ability of a plant to survive pest infestations that would normally injure or kill similar plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to induce detrimental effects on the pest and damage the insect |
|
|
Term
| Define Nonpreference (antixenosis). |
|
Definition
| resistance that is intermediate between tolerance and antibiosis. plants seem ignored in this category. |
|
|
Term
| Describe biological control. |
|
Definition
It is when a pest predator species is released to eradicate the pest.
Three types: introduction, augment and inundation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when an exotic beneficial is introduced into a new area to control pests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to release lab reared beneficials at times when natural beneficials are low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release a large number of predators/parasites at critical times for short term results |
|
|
Term
| What requirements must be satisfied of effective long term pest management is desired? |
|
Definition
1. host and parasites must have the same cycles
2. predators/parasites must be effective during host growth period
3. host pops need to be controlled before economic losses
4. climate must be suitable for parasite/predator
5. alternative hosts must be present to sustain them unless they plan to release new ones every year
6. insecticides should not effect the predator/parasite |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of genetic control and what are the three types? |
|
Definition
goal: make pest species into non pest species
1. sterilization native pest pops with chemosterilents
2. mass sterilizing males and releasing them
3. conferring beneficial advantages such as insecticide resistance on natural predators/parasites that utilize pests |
|
|
Term
| Describe Mechanical and Physical Control. |
|
Definition
| physically killing pests, examples include light boxes and screens on windows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many groups of chemicals used to kill insects including DDT |
|
|
