Term
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Definition
| resilient, elastic, flubber |
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Term
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Definition
| soluble, fleixible, stretchy |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by a glycoprotein complex |
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Term
| apodeme, apophysis, phragma |
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Definition
| any ingrowth of outer skeleton (name the two types as well) |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles attached at intersegmental ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior end of primitive body segments |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior end of primitive body segments |
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Term
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Definition
| insect mouthparts and legs (relates to structres from different segments - metamere derived) |
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Term
| prostomium + 4 metameres (pro- already with antennae [archicerebrum] proto and deuto) 1 (second antenne of crustacea) trito 234 mand max labium (p + 1 = brain) |
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Definition
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Term
| prostomium + 6 metameres (pros = acron - proto) 1 (labral segment - deuto)2 (antennal segment - deuto) 3 intercalary sgement - trito - lost appendage) 456 (p + 123 = brain) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fusion of anterior and posterior arms embryologically |
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Term
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Definition
| maxilla inside, mandible next cover, labium = protective sheathe ; evolved independently |
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Term
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Definition
| maxilla = sheathe, labium extends down and does the sucking, labial palpus is another sheathe |
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Term
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Definition
| along frontoclypeal suture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anterior and posterior notal wing process |
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Definition
| notal parts of thorax that bear wings |
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Term
| pleural suture, pleural wing process, pleural coxal process, episternum, epimeron, basalare, subalare |
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Definition
| pleuron derived from subcoxal elements of ancestral limb |
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Term
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Definition
| fusion of sternal and pleural apophyses |
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Term
| insects terrestrial, control during fall, would require 2dary evolution of articulation traheation innervation venation musculature |
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Definition
| paranotal lobe hypothesis |
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Term
| insects aquatic with gills - preap(ventilation, swimming) tracheal gils and wings of some insect groups are possibly serially homologous, but would require multiple independent invasions onto land and most lose gills when they mature |
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Definition
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Term
| terrestrial, preap= thermoregulation or ventilation or sowmming, wings evolved from basal-most segment of ancestral limb (epicoxa) wing is from an epicoxal exite) |
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Definition
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Term
| costa, subcosta, radius, media, cubitus, anal veins |
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Definition
| order of wing veins (ant to post) |
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Term
| cerci, styli, caudal filaments, gills |
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Definition
| podite derived appendages of abdomen (1st) then other appendages |
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Term
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Definition
| genital segments (# metamere) |
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Term
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Definition
| postgenital segment (# metamere) |
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Term
| 2 sets of muscles connect to clypeus and frons for sucking to create a vacuum |
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Definition
| musculature of the stomodaeum |
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Term
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Definition
| protection of midgut epithelium (b/c its only 1 cell thick) , lubrication, structure (chitin protein meshwork) |
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Term
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Definition
| methods of deposition of peritrophic membrane |
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Term
| inner= longitudinal muscles; outer=circular muscles |
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Definition
| pharynx (stomodaeum), and proctodaeum |
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Term
| inner = circular muscles, outer = longitudinal |
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Definition
| gastric caecae, mesenteron (as opposed to stomodaeum) |
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Term
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Definition
| in rectum, secondarily desclerotized areas of absorption for critical materials) |
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Term
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Definition
| up to 2 pairs in thorax, 8 in abdomen, ectodermal origin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surrounding sclerite of spiracles (atrium) |
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Term
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Definition
| larger part of ventilatory system (+ air sacs) ectodermal origin |
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Term
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Definition
| reinfored walls of trachea; spiralled thickenings for support structure |
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Term
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Definition
| counterpart of mammalian capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| midline dorsal part of circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
| paired segmental openings in hind region of dorsal vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior region of dorsal vessel |
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Term
| accessory pulsatile organs |
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Definition
| associated with bases of legs, wings, flaps associated to get blood to extremities |
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Term
| pericardial, perivisceral, perineural separated by dorsal (alary muscles) and ventral diaphragm |
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Definition
| 3 cavities and the 2 divisions of the cross section of the body (cv system) |
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Term
| ammonia (most efficient, most toxic) urea, uric acid (most insects) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lead to proctadeal valve, usually 6 of them (extract nitrogenous waste from haemocoele and dumb into gut for excretion) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| for water conservation, partnership between rectum and malpighian tubules, very energy expensive process, laced into anterior end of rectum and distributed back into hemocoele |
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Term
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Definition
| wing base rests on this structure, forms the fulcrum |
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Term
| notum pulled up, wing forced down (longitudinal muscles), basalar muscles contract to depress anterior wing margin; tugs front end of wing down (cuts through air) |
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Definition
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Term
| notum depressed, wing forced up, subalar muscles contract to depress posterior wing margin, back end of wing goes down while front end goes up = lift |
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Definition
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Term
| indirect flight, most insect flight done this way |
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Definition
| kind of flight where flight muscles deforms thoracic box |
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Term
| direct flight, use of axillary sclerites |
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Definition
| type of flight where flight muscles act on base of wing; use of what sclerites? |
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Term
| because of flying buttress (all muscles will do is misform the notum) |
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Definition
| why does notum move and not sternum or pleuron? |
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Term
| gonads, converging ducts, common duct, gonopore |
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Definition
| paired system (reproductive system pathway) |
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Term
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Definition
| ovarioles- no nurse cells, primitive |
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Term
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Definition
| ovarioles - derived with nurse cells |
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Term
| trophocytes (note "troph") |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nurse cells in germarium, nutritive cord present |
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Term
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Definition
| nurse cells move down length of ovarioles with developing gamees |
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Term
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Definition
| spermatophore fertilized externally with no copulation |
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Term
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Definition
| if no spermatophore always _______ |
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Term
| REVIEW WHAT'S IN A GONAD PROCESSES AND DIAGRAMS |
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Definition
| REVIEW WHATS IN A GONAD PROCESSES AND DIAGRAMS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| common oviduct + vagnia ~ ect |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| up to 3 in thorax (typically large ganglionic masses) ; up to 8 in abdomen |
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Definition
| location of ganglionic masses (thorax and abdomen) and how many |
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Term
| an evolutionary trend, whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism. This process eventually produces a head region with sensory organs |
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Definition
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Term
| stomatogastric nervous system |
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Definition
| innervates stomadaeum and mesenteron (ex - if crop is distended too much, signals sent via this system) |
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Term
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Definition
| functional unit of a compound eye |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by 2 modified epidermal cells, where light first enters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surround crystalline cone, absorbs light |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-8 of them, each contributes a rhabdomere |
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Term
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Definition
| formed from 6-8 retinular cells; nerve impulse initiated here from reaction of photosensitive pigment and light |
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Term
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Definition
| tightly packed microtubules perpendicular to the central axis of ommatidium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| for strong light, highest resolution, ommatidium receives light only from its own lens system |
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Term
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Definition
| rhabdom separated from lens system by clear region |
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Term
| light adapted eye (superposition imagery, but apposition phase) |
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Definition
| 2ndary pigment cells migrage to clear region |
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Term
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Definition
| superposition phase, 2ndary pigment cells migrate toward lens system away from clear region |
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Term
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Definition
| single cuticular lens, focuses light on underlying rhabdomal region, no immage formed (good in nocturnal insects) |
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Term
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Definition
| larval eye, single cuticular lens, forms gorss image on rhabdom, rough mosaic immage, function like cmpd eye but look like ocelli |
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Term
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Definition
| detect relative posistions of body parts (proprioreceptors) |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanoreceptor - seta, tactile, detects movement of seta |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanoreceptor, oval dome like, raise or lower as exoskeleoton mechanically strained |
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Term
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Definition
| internal mechanoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| chordotonal organ (mechanoreceptor)- registers vibration in tibia (vibrations) |
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Term
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Definition
| chordotonal organ (mechanoreceptor) - hear with proximal end of prothoracic tibia, picks up sound waves (vibrations) |
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Term
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Definition
| chordotonal organ (mechanoreceptor)- in pedicel -movements of base of flagellum (movements) |
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Term
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Definition
| (mechanoreceptor)- internal - register tension between connective and muscle tissue, along gut and in abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| sensors for taste and smell, derived from setae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chemoreceptors - taste, mouthparts, tarsi, also mechanoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| chemoreceptors - smell- peg-like, thin walled, multiporous, project above cuticle (antenna, mouthparts, ovipositor) |
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Term
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Definition
| chemoreceptors - sensory peg stuck in cutiular pit, commonly on antennae and mouuthparts |
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Term
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Definition
| chemoreceptors - round flat, perforated, porous , commonly on antennae, aphids ,bees (olfactory) |
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Term
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Definition
| body orientation relative to wind |
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Term
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Definition
| body orientation relative to gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals influencing behavior that are secreted to outside, (affect another individual) |
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Term
| 1pheromone 2 primer 3 releaser |
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Definition
| semiochemical - 1 intraspecific 2 long term effect (social insects) 3 immediate effect (sex, aggregation, alarm) |
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Term
| 1 allomone 2 myrmecophiles |
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Definition
| semiochemical - interspecific - 1 benefit to sender 2 benefit to both sender and receiver of message ex. |
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Term
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Definition
| semiochemical - benefit to receiver of chemical (typically related to feeding) examples given are at expense of sender |
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Term
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Definition
| example of allomone and kairomone |
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Term
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Definition
| blood components of epidermal origin |
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Term
| cement layer, wax layer, protein epicuticle |
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Definition
| 3 layers of epicuticle (lacks chitin) |
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Term
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Definition
| protects wax layer, secreted by dermal glands |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce water lose, secreted by epidermal cells via pore canals |
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Term
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Definition
| first step of making a new cuticle b4 molting |
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Term
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Definition
| contains chitin, arthropodins, resilin |
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Term
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Definition
| hardened, sclerotized, often dark color, quinone tanning |
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Term
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Definition
| thickest of all cuticulin layers (flexible- arthopodial membrane), gets digested and conserved |
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Term
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Definition
| old cuticular matter that wasnt digested |
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Term
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Definition
| molting - digestion of old cuticle (for wound repair too + new stuff needed), deposition of new cuticle (single cell layer) |
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Term
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Definition
| products of epidermal layer go to procuticle and epicuticle via ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue, secreted by certain hemocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| neurosecretory cells secrete this _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| receives brain hormone, produces hormones that regulate blood sugar (trehalose) heartbean fatty acid [] movement of malphighian tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| produce molting hormones, degenerate in pterygota, stimluated by brain hormone, produce ecdysosones |
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Term
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Definition
| precursors which stimulate epidermis to initiate the molting process |
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Term
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Definition
| produce juvenile hormones; (pauro hemi) (holo) (pterygota) |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit differentiation to adult |
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Term
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Definition
| # of generations per year, uni, bi, multi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| long-term arrested development (obiligatory -uni) (facultative- multi) may be induced by ecdysosones, JH concentrations |
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Term
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Definition
| little yolk present, entire egg divides |
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Term
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Definition
| copious yolk, only nuclei undergo mitosis (diplura, insecta) |
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Term
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Definition
| egg laid, dev away from parent, yolk reserves, oviposits eggs, eclosion external |
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Term
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Definition
| egg= embryonic, internal dev, yolk reserves, ecolsion internal, larviposits immatures |
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Term
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Definition
| egg=embryonic, internal dev, nourished in part by female, elclosion internal, larviposits immagures, sometimes nutritive cords attached to immatures |
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Term
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Definition
| 2- 1000s individ from single emryo, needs homogenous microenvironment and lots of food |
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Term
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Definition
| immatures able to reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| development of new individuals from non-fertilized egs (obligate, facultative, cyclical, geographic) |
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Term
| 1) arrhenotoky (haplodiploidy) 2) thelytoky 3) amphitoky (deutorotoky) |
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Definition
| sex of parthenogenic offspring: 1) only males (unfertilized egg = male, fert =female) 2) only females (most common, assoc with obligate) 3) both produced (assoc with cyclical) |
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Definition
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Definition
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