Term
| ORDER TRICHOPTERA - MORPH |
|
Definition
(hair wings) "CADDIS FLIES"
-medium sized insects, ancestors to the moths
-scaly membranous wings |
|
|
Term
| ORDER TRICHOPTERA - ecology |
|
Definition
-adults are liquid feeders
-ovipositor in on close to water
-univoltine
-critical for aquatic systems
-net-spinners (to filter water/trap food)
-case-builders (form shell around themselves)
-Free-living: feed on mosquitoes |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - MORPH |
|
Definition
(SCALE WINGS) BUTTEFLY, MOTHS
-butterfly is familiar, most are MICRO-leps
-separation of niches
-butterflies, moths, skippers
-mtparts; sense of taste in TARSI
-wing adaptations
-caterpillars (larvae)
-prolegs
-crochets (allow legs to grab onto things..hooklike)
-silk production (to hide, pupal cases)
-variations on pupation ( note cremaster -attaches pupal to plant)
*moths are active at night* |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - MORPH |
|
Definition
(SCALE WINGS) BUTTEFLY, MOTHS
-butterfly is familiar, most are MICRO-leps
-separation of niches
-butterflies, moths, skippers
-mtparts; sense of taste in TARSI
-wing adaptations
-caterpillars (larvae)
-prolegs
-crochets (allow legs to grab onto things..hooklike)
-silk production (to hide, pupal cases)
-variations on pupation ( note cremaster -attaches pupal to plant)
*moths are active at night* |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - ecology: feeding behaviours |
|
Definition
-larvae are chewers; adults are liquid feeders
-99% phytophagus, plant nutrition + chemical defense determine hoses
-Larval feeding behaviors:
-foliage feeders (majority of species..skeletonize)
-wood borers (emerge from OUT of wood)
-gall former ( saliva triggers plant to form this)
-prepators (rare)
-parasites |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - ecology: PREDATION |
|
Definition
-PREDATOR AVOIDANCE
-concealment
-crypsis
-chemicals (note the osmeterium) [two fromt horns, fould smell regurgitate toxic content]
-irritating hair/spiny
-mimicry
-startle response
-disposable parts
-ant mutualists
*tails serve as a decoy ; designed to break off* |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - ecology:MATING systems for A)butterflys B)MOTHS |
|
Definition
-MATING SYSTEMS
-A)day, vision, active visual searching, sunspots, territories, touch
-B)night, pheromones, touch, vision unimportant (concentration gradeint: fly uphill) |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - ecology: DISPERSAL + MIGRATION |
|
Definition
(ADULT PHASE: TYPICAL) response to overcrowded envrionment, less food
*pest status to crop: BIGGEST THREAT, billions monies spent! |
|
|
Term
| ORDER LEPIDOPTERA - ecology: USEFULNESS AND BENEFICIALNESS? |
|
Definition
-silk production
-source of biological control agents for weeds, ex: CACTOBLASTIC CACTORUM
-collections + knowledge
-pollination (2nd largest pollinator species)
*REPRESENTATIV FAMILIES: sphinigidae-sphinx moths (size of hummingbird)
- saturnidae: giant silkworm moths |
|
|
Term
| ORDER HYMENOPTERA - MORPH |
|
Definition
(MEMBRANE WING) SAWFLIES, BEES, WASPS, ANTS
-adults: 2 pr. smooth wings, note HAMULI
-well developed STING
-often narrow "WAIST"
-larvae with + w/out legs |
|
|
Term
| ORDER HYMENOPTERA - ecology |
|
Definition
-important predators
-impo. parasites [regulates other insects]
-responsible for much of pollination (maintain plant population)
-some phytophagous
-sex determination (male:when egg is unfertilized)
-Social systems highly developed: MOST ADVANCED insects here
-most dangerous order |
|
|
Term
| ORDER HYMENOPTERA - Suborder Symphyta |
|
Definition
"SAWFLIES"
-adults lack sting but do not have ovipositor
-no waist: abdomen joined broadly to thorax
-larvae have true legs + prolegs, "no crochets"
-phytophagous
-gregarious
-unique defensive behavior
-important to natural systems |
|
|
Term
| ORDER HYMENOPTERA - the PARASITICA |
|
Definition
PARASITOID Wasps
*parasite vs. parasitoid* [parasites must parasitize at least ONE organism, doesn't kill host; PARASITOID usually kill their host]
-parasitioids are very small
-touch host with ovipositor only
-attack any stage
-PRIMARY parasitoid vs. 2ndaryParasitod
^when more than one is is HYPERparasitoid
-chalcid wasps [very diversed]
-cynipid wasps: gallwasp |
|
|
Term
| ORDER HYMENOPTERA - the SOLITARY STINGING WASPS |
|
Definition
-medium to large
-build nest/hive
-adults feed on nectar + pollen
-capture + provisions nest w/prey
-use venomic sting
-paralyze prey
-prey often large + specific
-ground + aerial nests [ground nester/ night nester]
-paper + mud (chew, spit out saliva)
-LEARN/REMEMBER (sign of smartness)
^camouflages nest
-wide variety of larval provisioning that follows evolution of sociality.
*mom =queen
*daughters = workers |
|
|
Term
| ORDER HYMENOPTERA - the SOLITARY STINGING BEEES |
|
Definition
-body covered in PLUMOSE hairs
-pollen baskets (grooms herself + collect pollen, place into hind leg)
-pollen and nectar gathering insects; NOT PREDATORS! (make pollen balls in colony)
-feed larvae pollen balls
-Biology similar to wasps; except no paper nests
-some are NEST parasites |
|
|
Term
| EXAMPLES OF SOLITARY BEES AND WASPS? |
|
Definition
-Mud daubers (giant wasps: cicada killers, giant sting)
-spider hawks (hunt on tarantulas)
-velvet ants (NOT AN ANT)
^net parasite, wingless, powerful sting
-leaf-cutter bees: uses abandoned nests and cavities (1st LAID EGG IS LAST TO EMERGE!!)
-CARpenter bees: nests in wood , can be pestiferous |
|
|
Term
| SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA: Pre-Social behavior |
|
Definition
-gregariousness
-brood care
-communal nesting (where related + unrelated individuals nest together)
-nest provisioning |
|
|
Term
| SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA: Eusocial Behvior |
|
Definition
(truly social behavior)
-cooperative brood care
-a CASTE system with the Division of labor: may have polymorphisms and polyethisms
-overlapping generations
*2main species: TERMITES, WASPS |
|
|
Term
what is polymorph?
what is polyethism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA: Primitive Eusocial Wasps |
|
Definition
(more advanced)
-can have several Queens working together
-typically, there is one main Queen who controls which females can give birth
-larvae regurgitate for adults to feeed on. |
|
|
Term
| SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA: Advanced Eusocial Wasps |
|
Definition
- reproductive queen in charge of laying eggs (maintains caste system)
-place in caste is based on the food you forage |
|
|
Term
| SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA: Primitive Eusocial Bees |
|
Definition
BUMBLE BEES
-similar to prim. eu. wasps... |
|
|
Term
| SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA: Advanced Eusocial Bees |
|
Definition
HONEY BEES
-there is a Queen + a male (drones) drones are only around to carry sperm, then gets thrown out
-series fo job based on age
-if newly emerged, then it is a nurse, takes care of larvae
-if old; guard nest
-if VERY OLD; forager...because it's dangerous.
-become Queen based on diet you have; poor diet =worker
-workers forage: collect pollen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-medium sized insects
-evolved from wasps
-wings, if present, are uniform (and membranous)
-Always social
-reproductives: often have wings
-Sterile females with polymorphisms (diff shapes) & polyethisms (diff. behavior) => nurses, maintenence, foragers, soldiers
-caste determination by nutrition and trophylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entire colony is very mobile; there is a STATIONARY phase (stay put where QUEEN produces LOTS of eggs, new soldiers...then NOMADIC phase; beevil-wax stage; they go out + forage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA fungus gardeners
-can carry leaves 20x's its weight
-lets leaves rot, allow fungus to grow, then eats it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
considered as agriculture pests: guards aphids that damage plants
*symbiotic relationship wiht ACACIA trees "cat-claw" trees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carpenter ants and honeypot ants; honeypot=food storage |
|
|
Term
list insect REOPRODUCTIVES:
A)TERMITES
B)BEES
C)ANTS
D)SOLITARY WASPS + BEES |
|
Definition
A)KING QUEEN WORKER SOLDIER
b)QUEEN DRONE WORKERS
C) QUEEN MALE WORKERS
D) QUEEN WORKERS |
|
|
