Term
| ORDER PROTURA> morphology |
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Definition
*apterygota
- whitish insects, cone-shaped heads
- small (<1.5mm)
- first pair of legs are sensory (functions as an antennae, thus they lack antenn..
- respiration via exoskeletons or trachea |
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Term
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Definition
- live in moist soil/ humus
- detritivores |
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Term
| ORDER COLLEMBOLA > morphology |
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Definition
SPRINGTAILS *apterygota
- ametabolous
- primitive compound eyes
- furcula retinatulum collophore
\ /
functions together |
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Term
| ORDER COLLEMBOLA > ecology |
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Definition
- live in moise soil/humus, under bark, freshwater ponds
- often in dense populations
- unique mating behavior
*male places spermatophore on stalk
- no internal fertilization
- love garden |
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Term
| ORDER THYSANURA > morphology |
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Definition
*apterygota
- 2mm-2cm
- 2 cerci + 1 caudal filament
- body covered in "silvery" scales
- small compound eyes
- ametabolous (diff. from collembola +protura) |
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Term
| ORDER THYSANURA > ecology |
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Definition
- found in decaying vegetation
- can be household pests
- feed on stachy substances ( ex wallpaper glue)
- NO internal fertilization |
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Term
| ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA > morphology |
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Definition
MAYFLIES
*hemimetabolous
- medium size
- large triangular front wings
- NO wing flexion
- Vestigial mouthparts in adults [really no mouthpart at all]
- 2-3 caudal tails
- adults terrestrial, nymphs aquatic
- nymphs respire thorugh abdominal gills |
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Term
| ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA > ecology |
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Definition
- relatively long life cycle (up to 3yrs.)
- SUBIMAGO stage *wing in an immature!*
- adults are short lived
- adults do not feed, only mate and dies
- emergence swarms
- pollution indicators
- very important in food webs |
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Term
| ORDER ODONATA > morphology |
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Definition
DRAGONFLIES + DAMSELFLIES
*Hemimetabolous
- large,2-12cm
- large many-veined, membranous wings
- no wing flexion
- chewing mouthpt.in adults + nymphs
- nymphal labium; functs.as HARPOON
- adult cerci funct. as claspers while mating
- adults terrestrial, nymphs aquativ w/rectal gill pads |
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Term
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Definition
- adults hunt with legs, forming a basket
- nymphs use jet propulsion
- mating
-males defend territories + females
-unique coupling
-heartshaped mating wheels |
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Term
| ORDER PHASMIDA > morphology |
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Definition
WALKING STICKS
*hemimetabolous
- medium to large in size
- usually lack wings, some have them
- make sound for male attraction
- look like sticks or leaves |
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Term
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Definition
- all are PHYTOPHAGOUS (plant eating)
- many are parthenogenetic
- defensees include stick + leaf MIMICRY, kicking, chemical defenses
[nymphs can regenerate legs; adults cannot] |
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Term
| ORDER ORTHOPTERA > morphology |
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Definition
GRASSHOPPERS, KATYDIDS, CRICKETS
*Hemimetabolous
- chewing mouthpts.
- longs antennae, large compound eyes
- tegmina PRESENT
- wingpads in nymphs
- SALTATORIAL rear legs common
- well developed ovipositor |
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Term
| ORDER ORTHOPTERA > Ecology |
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Definition
- 99% phytophagous ( plant eaters)
- produce lots of sounds
-file + scrappeer
-tympanum
-species specific songs
-parasitic flies (sounds = risky)
i.e. SNEAKER FUGGERS |
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Term
| ORDER ORTHOPTERA > Ecology> PHASE POLYMORPHISM |
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Definition
African Locusts ( grasshopper)
SOLITARY PHASE:
- low density
- low reproductive rate
- short wings
- doesn't fly very far
- light green
GREGARIOUS PHASE
- high density
- high reproductive rate
- long wings
- flies far
- dark color |
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Term
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Definition
| NOT a cricket, but a KATYDID >wingless! |
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Term
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Definition
| LOOKS LIKE SOMETHING ELSE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ORDER MANTOIDEA > morphology |
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Definition
MANTIDS
*hemimetabolous
- large prothorax
- large raptorial front legs.
- triangular head
- large compound eyes
- tegmina
- chewing mouthparts |
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Term
| ORDER MANTOIDEA > ecology |
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Definition
- Ambush predators
- unusual mating i.e. male decapitation, removes inhibition
- ootheca produced
- excellent use of mimicry + crypsis
- startle response to scare away predators..protects ootheca |
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Term
| ORDER BLATTARIA > Morphology |
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Definition
COCKROACHES
*hemimetabolous
- tegmina
- flattened body
- long antennae, comp. eye
- cursorial legs |
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Term
| ORDER BLATTARIA > ecology |
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Definition
- scavengers/omnivores (feeds on dead stuff)
- squeeze into tight places
- mostly tropical
- related to termites: digest cellulose with symbiotic bacteria
- some secrete defensive coumpouns (topic)
- mating involves pheromes (perfume that attracts males)
- produces ootheca
- important pest (very ADAPTIVE to tropical envrionment.)
- scavengers taht feed on dead stuff. ex food...vectors BACTERIA |
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Term
| ORDER ISOPTERA >morphology |
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Definition
(equal wings) TERMITES
*hemimetabolous
- small-med. sized
- 2 pari of similar sized wings ( only adult reproductives have wings)
- abdomen BROADLY joined to thorax (contrast w.ANTS)
- differential CASTE morphology |
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Term
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Definition
- all terrrestrial, mostly tropical
- form social colonies
> reproductives: king + queen
> workers: take care of queen + colony( never develop wings)
> soldiers: defend colony ( head is modified , scleretized head)
- Life cycle involves a swarming phase
>Trophilaxes ( transfer info) |
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Term
| ORDER ISOPTERA > feeding biology |
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Definition
- feed on dead plant materail ( leaves, twigs, wood, feces)
- able to digest cellulose using a symbiont (gut)
- trophalaxis use to COMMUNICATE
-FORM HUGE social colonies
- extremely imp. in natural systems as recyclers
- economically very imp. ESTRO buildings... |
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Term
| NAME the two types of termites |
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Definition
SUBTERRANEAN
DRYWOOD; no colony underground.. |
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Term
| ORDER DERMAPTERA > morphology |
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Definition
(SKIN WINGS) EAR WIGS
*HEMI
- flat +elongate
- front wings short tegmina, hind wings membranous
- rarely fly
- large cerci on abdomen
- chewing mouthpt. |
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Term
| ORDER DERMAPTERA > ecology |
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Definition
- tropical + nocturnal
- scavengers , omnivores, predators
- signs of maternal care
- cerci: courtship, defense, catch prey
- some with chemical defense
- can be pestiferous at high densities. |
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