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ensley psy 220
chapters 1-3 notes
63
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
01/28/2015

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Developmental psychology definition
Definition
the scientific study of behavior and cognitions and their changes throughout the lifespan
Term
who introduced the End of History Illusion, and what does it mean?
Definition

Gilbert

Illusion where people believe their perceptions will remain roughly the same in the future. (not expecting to change in future)

 

Term
name the 5 theories/approaches
Definition

1. Psychoanalytic theory

2.Bioecological Model

3. Humanistic

4. cognition

5. Behavorism

Term

childhood experiences are important

 

 

 

theory 1-5

Definition
psychoanalytic theory
Term

nature nurtured environment in which we are raised in

 

 

theory1-5

Definition
bioecological model
Term

humans are not animals, we are unique and complex

People strive to do their best

 

theory1-5

Definition
humanistic
Term

cognition developes

 

 

 

theory1-5

Definition
cognition (thought
Term

rewards and punnishments

what works for one may not work for another

 

theory 1-5

Definition
behavorism
Term
what says theres a timeline we expect things to happen in our culture
Definition
chronosystem
Term
who was the theorist for the humanistic approach/theory?
Definition
Maslow
Term

term used when you combine all 5 approaches/theories

what does this mean?

Definition

eclectic

or

Biopsychosocial (BPS)

-we use all approaches as necessary for the individual

Term
What plays a role in the bioecological model?
Definition
epigenetics
Term
Name examples of the micro-system, macro-system, meso-system, and exosystem. List in terms in order.
Definition

micro-system: immediat family, friends (people who     have most impact)

meso-system: neighbor
exosystem: teachers, parents' friends, extended family
Macrosystem: government, media, military, celebrities 

Term
Name the 3 types of research methods talked about in class.
Definition

Longitudnal

Cross sectional

sequential

Term
Sequential research method
Definition
Starts with cross sectional then follows them for a shorter period of time (5-15 years)
Term
cross sectional research method
Definition

randomly selected groups of people studied for a certain topic

eg, people in their 20s 30s then 40s

Term
longitudnal research method
Definition

study of a random group of people for a long period of time 

(sometimes 50 years)

Term
name the 4 research designs talked about in class.
Definition
  1. Experimental
  2. survey
  3. observational
  4. case study
Term
How many experimental groups are there in an experiment research design and what is done in each group?
Definition

3 groups

1 gets rewarded

2 gets punnished

3 control group- not given the exp. to prove that exp was what made results

Term
With a survey research design, how would you develop more acurate results?
Definition
get alot of surveys go off the bell shape curve.
Term

What are some problems with observational studies?

 

Definition

-conclusion may come off own bias opinions and beliefs

-what is ovserved may not be what was actually observed

-no facts

Term

What is a case study research design?

What are downfalls of this design?

Definition

observe a person or group of people over a period of time

-cannot be generalized

-need to do experiment to get a cause and effect

Term
ageism
Definition
stereotypes about age throughout the life span
Term
what are some discriminations on ageism?
Definition

-employment, trouble finding jobs or stuck in a job b/c of age

-percieved intelligence

-driving privilege

-housing, being at home or nursing home

-no longer a positive stereotype of "wisdom"

Term
differenciate between primary and secondary aging
Definition

primary: normative aging; will happen to everyone but timing is different

 

Seondary: what we can control; bad habits, what we eat etc.

Term

What impacts primary aging?

 

Definition

-experiences/behavior, physical health determines the experiences and behavior you can engage in


-others concepts about you, how you look determines others views of you


-self concept, how you feel about yourself

Term

What is grit and self efficacy

 

Definition

grit: determination/work to achieve goal

 

Self-efficacy: ones belief in ones ability to succeed in specific situations

Term
telomerase
Definition
helps prevent the shrotening of the telomeres
Term
telomeres
Definition
effect how our cells age; caps at the end of each strand of dna that protect our chromosomes (like the plastic tips at the end of shoelaces)
Term
what are some things that shorten aging?
Definition
exercize, sleep, nutrients, positive social support, cognition enrichment
Term
oxidative damage
Definition

-sunlight (20 mins ok)

-poor nutritional diet

-toxins (led, mercury, BPA)

Term
what year was led a toxin in everyday products and what were some of the products?
Definition

1978

paint, glassware, windows, pipes (water), gasoline

Term
At what age do your senses start to be impacted and how much of those sensorys are lost in a lifespan?
Definition

25

1% per year

Term
adaption
Definition

getting used to sensory information 

(background noise)

Term
vision dark adaption
Definition
you can see less and less in the dark as you age
Term
terror management
Definition

realizing we are going to die

a conflict from having a desire to live but realizing that death is inevitable; this produces terror

Term
personal fable
Definition

belief that we are unique and special so much so that none of lifes difficulties or problems will affect us regardless of our behavior

-invincible feeling

Term
what are the top 4 causes of morality in late adulthood?
Definition

heart disease

cancer

lung

strokes

Term
what usually kills younger people?
Definition
accidents
Term

what is a morality risk that doesnt directly kill older adults?

how is this a danger?

Definition

alzheimers

taking wrong medications, accidents, pneumonia

Term
name the types of dementias
Definition

alzheimers

poly pharmacy

wernicke's encephalopathy

Depression/anxiety

traumatic breain injury (TBI)

Multi infarct dementia

parkinsons

hydrocephalus

STDs

Term
dementia
Definition
robs people of cognitive functions
Term
alzheimers (define and explain what goes on in the brain to cause this)
Definition

-generalized deterioration in the brain

-axons become wrapped around each other which create a lack of oxygen getting to the neurons and leads to neuron death

Term

define tangles and plaques

 

what disease do these cause?

Definition

tangels: twisted strands of protein in dead and dying nerve cells

Plaques: abnormal clusters of protein fragments build up between nerve cells

alzheimers

Term
poly pharmacy
Definition
drug interactions, the use of 4 or more drugs
Term

Wernicke's Encephalopathy

(define and list 2 symptoms)

Definition

-memory loss due to alcohol abuse; reversable

-blackouts short-term memory loss

Term
Korsakoffs
Definition
classic wet brain; irreversable; happens after wernickes
Term
what shrinks if depression is left untreated?
Definition
hippocampus
Term
how long did it take new cells to grow when antidepressants were taken?
Definition
3 weeks
Term
What does hipacampus do?
Definition
consolidates memories in lymbic system
Term

How is a traumatic brain injury acquired?

What happens with a traumatic brain injury?

Definition

car accidents, sports injuries

 

-personality changes possibly

-altered functioning

-

Term
what causes multi infarct dementia?
Definition
series of small strokes
Term
what are some symptoms of multi infarct dementia
Definition

-getting lost on familiar routes

-misplacing items

-personality changes

Term
what happens if parkinsons is left untreated?
Definition
results in dementia
Term
hydroencephalus
Definition
CSF doesnt drain normally and puts pressure on brain
Term
stereotype threat
Definition
when your ability to lifve your lie is impacted by the stereotype people place on you (white/black, red head/blonde, etc)
Term
What 3 main things can slow secondary aging and promote neurogenesis?
Definition
  1. sleep 
  2. exercize (40 mins brisk walking 5x/wk)
  3. nutrition
Term
name some DOs to slow secondary aging
Definition
wine, sunscreen, take meds appropriately, pets, safety equipment, meditation/mindfullness, passion
Term
metacognition
Definition

ability to step out of things and see things for what they are

-dont believe everything you think

Term
prevalence
Definition
Number of people diagonosed with a disorder in a specific time period
Term
what causes anxiety?
Definition

trauma

stress

genetics 

bacteria, parasites, toxins, viruses

Term
toxoplasmosis and strep can cause  ?
Definition
anxiety
Term
what is a treatment of anxiety?
Definition

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

 

-mindfullness, dont believe everything you think

-deep breathing

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