Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ENS 330 Final
Energy Drinks
18
Other
Undergraduate 4
12/09/2011

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Energy Drink Advertisement Claims
Definition

Drinks improve:

- Performance

- Mental awareness

- Concentration

- Reaction speed

- Stimulates metabolism

Term
Central Ingredients
Definition

Caffeine

 

Taurine

 

Guarana

 

Glucuronolactone

 

Assorted B Vitamins

Term
Caffeine
Definition

Most consumed psychoactive stimulant in the entire world.

 

Found in products from chocolate to medicines.

 

Over 70% of beverages consumed contain caffeine.

Term
Caffeine: Amounts vs. Limits
Definition
Ages 13+: less than or equal to 400 mg of caffeine/day
Term
Caffeine: FDA Regulation?
Definition
FDA doesn't regulate caffeine
Term
1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
Definition

Classifies products containing natural sources or herbs as a dietary supplement, and therefore, not a drug.

 

Lack of regulation

Term
Effects of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
Definition

Over-the-counter caffeine stimulants such as NoDoz, containing 200mg of caffeine is required to include warnings on the label.

- Energy drinks with 500 mg of caffeine can be sold to anyone with no warnings listed.

Term
Taurine
Definition

Amino acid

 

Naturally present in seafood

 

Plays large role in many physiological processes:

- Calcium influx regulation (regulates muscle contraction)

- Neuronal excitability

 

Taurine, under normal conditions, is present and stored withing the human body in large quantities.

 

Stress/intense physical exertion

- Taurine stores are depleted

- Referred to as a "conditionally essential" amino acid

Term
Taurine & NCAA
Definition

Impermissible substance

 

Controversy with vitamin water sponsorship

Term
Guarana
Definition

South American plant

 

Guarana contains guararine (similar to caffeine)

 

The exact source and nature of the guarana stimulant is not well understood.

- Has been reported that guarana puts for a longer stimulant effect.

 

Determining overall caffeine content

- Guarana products are marketed as either herbal or natural substances (leads to confusion)

Term
Glucuronolactone
Definition

Main carbohydrate source

 

Formed from glucose within the liver.

 

Toxicity studies have taken place using animals

- Animal metabolic pathways differ greatly from those of humans

- It is unknown what the possible effects are on humans

Term
Assorted B Vitamins
Definition

B vitamins are essential

- They help extract energy from food

 

Daily consumption is very important

- Most are likely to consume the necessary amounts within their diets alone.

 

Hydro-soluble

- The excessive amounts of B vitamins available in energy drinks will not produce stronger results (Not necessary to consume these vitamins in excess)

Term
Caffeine: Physiological Effects
Definition

90-99% of caffeine is absorbed by the gut.

 

With a modest cup of coffee, the half-life of caffeine is reported to be 4 to 5 hours.

- The half-life increases with:

-- Higher levels of caffeine

-- Birth Control (up to 13 hours)

-- Pregnant (18-20 hours)

-- Those with impaired liver function

 

Stimulant

- Increased heart rate, respiration, muscle excitability

 

Leads to increased BP

 

Caffeine increases blood flow to the kidneys

- Diuretic

Term
Caffeine: Cognitive Effects
Definition

Positive effects on mood and cognitive performance.

 

Non-athlete consumption of Red Bull moderately improved:

- Concentration

- Reaction time

- Short-term memory

- Perceptions of alertness

- Endurance

Term
Caffeine: Positive Effects
Definition

Beneficial if taken:

- In moderation

- Relative to body size

- Normal caffeine consumption

 

Studies have shown that caffeine enhances:

- Physical athletic performance if taken prior to participating in exercise.

- Endurance in athletic events that last about 1 hr+ with moderate intensity events

Term
Caffeine: Negative Effects
Definition

Caffeine consumption can cause:

- Anxiety

- Sleepiness

- Cardiovascular disease

- Anemia

- Compromised zinc and iron absorption

 

Studies show that a single high dose of caffeine can cause increased:

- Blood pressure

- Tachycardia

 

Hypertension

 

Acute mania, stroke, and seizures

 

Children and Pregnant Women at higher risk

- Withdrawal symptoms are enhanced in younger children (restlessness, irritability, high blood pressure, upset stomach, and racing heart)

Term
Caffeine: Dehydration
Definition

Caffeine = a diuretic

 

Increased blood flow to kidneys

- Inhibits reabsorption of electrolytes

- More water is expelled through urination

 

Benefits minimal in comparison to the necessity of maintaining hydration

 

Higher risk of heat illness with dehydration

- Caffeine in conjunction with playing in warm weather

 

Energy drinks should not be used during or after exercise.

- Carbohydrate levels are extremely high (slows water absorption in the body)

Term
Caffeine: Addiction??
Definition

Caffeine is excluded from the DSM-IV-TR's substance dependence list

- But a lot a evidence indicates it causes a substance dependence in some people

 

Withdrawal Symptoms:

- Fatigue

- Drowsiness

- Headache

- Irritability

- Mental confusion

- Depression

- Nausea

- Increased blood pressure

- Stomach pains

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