Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Enodcrine System
N/A
82
Physiology
Graduate
11/18/2009

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anterior Pituitary gland, another name for it?
Definition
Adenohypophysis
Term
What hormone from the hypothalmus triggers release of HGH?
Definition
GH-RH
Somatocrinin
Term
What hormone from the hypothalmus inhibits the release of HGH?
Definition
GH-IH
Somatostatin
Term
What is HGH responsible for?
Definition
controls growth of body. it targets bone , muscle and adipose tissue.
Term
Thyroid stimulating hormone, abbreviation for it is what?
Definition
TSH
Term
Whats another abbreviation for HGH?
Definition
STH
Term
What hormone released from the hypothalmus triggers the release of ACTH?
Definition
CRH Corticotropin
Term
What is the function of ACTH?
Definition
Controls the secretion of hormones by adrenal cortex.
Term
PRL stand for what?
Definition
Prolactin
Term
What is the function of PRL?
Definition
It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands of the female.
Term
What does FSH stand for?
Definition
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Term
How does FSH effect females?
Definition
It stimulates the maturation of an ovarion follicle and ovum.
Term
How does FSH effect males?
Definition
It stimulates the maturation of sperm
Term
What hormones stimulates the release of FSH
Definition
GnRH Gonadotropin
Term
What does LH stand for?
Definition
Luteinizing Hormone
Term
What effect does LH have on females?
Definition
It causes ovulation and increase of progesterone
Term
How does LH effect the male?
Definition
It stimulates the secretion of Testosterone.
Term
What hormone released from the hypothalmus stimulates the secretion of LH?
Definition
GnRH Gonadotropin
Term
Define Paracrine
Definition
Substance that is secreted to cells that surround it
Term
Define Autocrine
Definition
Hormone that effects the organ it was released from.
Term
What two hormones are released from the Posterior Pituitary Gland?
Definition
1. ADH Anti-Diuretic Hormone
2. OT Oxytocin
Term
What happens when ADH is secreted?
Definition
Targets the distal convulted tubules of the kidney. causes them to reabsorb H2O back into blood stream, controls H2O balance and increases blood pressure
Term
What effects does Oxytocin (OT) bring about?
Definition
Causes contractoin of uterus and milk release
Term
Where is the thryroid gland located?
Definition
Below the larynx and around the trachea
Term
Hormone T3 is also known as what?
Definition
Triiodothyronine
Term
Hormone T4 is also known as what?
Definition
Thyroxine
Term
What is the function of T3 and T4?
Definition
They increase your Basal Metabolic Rate by increasing oxygen use by cells to make more ATP
Term
What is the effect of T3 and T4?
Definition
metabolilsm, body tempurature maintenance
Term
What are the three hormones released from the thyroid gland?
Definition
1. Triiodothyronine (T3) 2. Thyroxine (T4) 3.Calcitonin
Term
What is the overall effect of the release of calcitonin?
Definition
Blood calcium levels are reduced
Term
What happens when calcitonin is released?
Definition
stimulates osteoblast activity in bone cells, distal convoluted tubules (causes excess secretion of calcium into urine)
Term
What hormone is produced by the Parathyroid Gland?
Definition
Parathyroid Hormone PTH
Term
What stimulates the release PTH?
Definition
decrease in Blood calcium levels.
Term
What happens when PTH is released?
Definition
activates osteclasts to release calcium in bone, causes proximal convulated tubules to reabsorb calcium back into blood, and promotes calcium absortion in small intestines
Term
What is the overall effect of Parthyroid Hormone (PTH)?
Definition
increases blood calcium levels
Term
What two hormones maintain blood calcium levels?
Definition
Calcitonin and PTH
Term
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Definition
Superior to the kidneys
Term
What are the two layers of the adrenal glands?
Definition
1. Adrenal Cortex (outer layer)
2. Adrenal Medulla (inner layer)
Term
What two catecholamines are produced by the adrenal medulla?
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
Chemically, what is different about norepinephrine and epinephrine?
Definition
epinephrine is a norepinephrine molecule with a methyl group attatched.
Term
What body parts do catecholamines target during secretion?
Definition
Catecholamines= epinephrine and norepinephrine
1. The Heart (for increased heart rate)
2. The Diaphragm (increased breathing)
3. Smooth Muscle (peripheral aterioles for increased blood pressure)
4.Smooth Muscle (Terminal Bronchioles increase depth of breathing)
Term
What are two other names for the Posterior Pituitary Gland?
Definition
1. Neurohypophysis
2. Pars Nervosa
Term
What is the outer most layer of the Adrenal Cortex?
Definition
Zona Glumerulosa
Term
What hormone is released from the Zona Glumerosa of the Adreanal Cortex?
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
What is the function of Aldosterone?
Definition
Targets distal convulted tubules, causing the reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes back into blood (increases blood pressure)
Term
What is the middle layer of the Adrenal Cortex?
Definition
Zona Fasiculata
Term
What hormone is secreted from the Zona Fasiculata?
Definition
Cortisol, it targets all cells, it raises blood sugar levels by glucogenesis (the making of glucose from non carb sources like fat)
Term
What is the innermost layer of the Adrenal Cortex?
Definition
Zona Reticularis
Term
What hormone is released from the Zona Reticularis?
Definition
Supplemental sex hormones (estrogens and adrogens) that target secondary sex hormones.
Term
Where could you find the Islets of Langerhans?
Definition
in the pancreas
Term
What two hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?
Definition
Insulin and Glucagon
Term
What type of cell produces Insulin?
Definition
Beta Cell
Term
What would stimulate the release of insulin?
Definition
increased blood glucose levels (i.e. after eating)
Term
What is the function of insulin?
Definition
to decrease blood glucose levels (i.e. moves glucose from bloodstream into cells and promtoes glycogen formation in liver and skeletal muscle.
Term
What type of cell produces Glucagon?
Definition
Alpha Cells
Term
What stimulates the secretion of glucagon?
Definition
Decrease blood glucose levels (i.e. fasting)
Term
What is the job of glucagon?
Definition
To increase blood glucose levels (i.e. causing the breakdown of glycogen and the release of glucose into bloodstream)
Term
What hormone is produced by the Thymus gland?
Definition
Thymosin
Term
What does Thymosin do?
Definition
It affects the maturation of lymphocytes (T Cells)
Plays important role in the lymphatic system and immunity.
Term
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Definition
Melatonin (production is stimulated by daylight)
Term
What hormone does an ovarium follicle secrete?
Definition
Estrogen
Term
What body parts does Estrogen target?
Definition
1.Hair follicles in axillary and inguinal regions 2. breasts 3. adipose tissue in buttocks, thigh, and buttocks
Term
What is the fuction of Progesterone?
Definition
To prepare the lining of the uterus for zygote implantation
Term
Which of these cells produces thyroid hormones? Follicular or Parafollicular
Definition
Follicular
Term
Which type of Diabetes makes the patient insulin dependent?
Definition
Type 1
Term
What does idiopathic mean?
Definition
Unknown cause of the condition
Term
What is the name of the condition where there is hyposecretion of HGH during growth years?
Definition
Dwarfism
Term
What is the name of the condition where there is hypersecretion of HGH during adulthood?
Definition
Acromegaly
Term
Describe Diabetes insipidus
Definition
Hyposecretion of ADH, symptoms are diuresis, dehydratoin, and thirst
Term
Define Cretinism
Definition
Thyroid Hormone Imbalance where there is hyposecretion of T3/T4 during fetal life and infancy, symptoms are dwarfism and mental retardation
Term
Describe Myxedema
Definition
Thyroid Hormone Imbalance where there is hyposecretion during adulthood. Symptoms are edema, slow heart rate, low body temp, dry skin and hair, muscle weakness, lethargy, and weight gain.
Term
What terms are used to describe when a patient's eyes are bulging from there head?
Definition
1. Peculiar edema 2. Exopthalmas 3. Proptosis
Term
Describe Grave's disease
Definition
an ATUOIMMUNE DISORDER that cause hypersecretion of thyroid hormones. Significant symptom is exopthalmas
Term
Describe Goiter
Definition
low thyroid hormones due to lack of iodine, thyroid gland gets huge, but still functions below normal levels
Term
Describe Cushing's syndrome
Definition
hypersecretion of Cortisol due to a pituitary tumor or steroid administration.
Term
Describe Addison's disease
Definition
Hyposecretion of Adrenal Cortical hormones due to autoimmunity or disease (TB) JFK suffered from this
Term
When blood calcium rises above normal, the thyroid glands secretes calcitonin to bring it back down. What two specific body functions occur when calcitonin is released?
Definition
1. There is an increase in calcium excretion in the kidneys 2. Calcium is deposited into the bone (via osteoclast activity)
Term
When blood calcium levels become too low the parathyroid gland secrets PTH, What are the 3 specific actions that the body takes to rise blood calcium levels?
Definition
1. Stimulation of osteoblast activity 2. Kidneys reabsorb calcium 3. Stimulation of calcitriol production in the kidneys, and phospate is absorbed in the digestive tract.
Term
What is the condition where there is kidney failure due the lack of Vitamin D3 production in the kidneys?
Definition
renalosteo-dystrophy
Term
What type of enzyme converts Angiotensin 1 into Angiotensin 2?
Definition
ACE from the lungs
Term
What are the 5 things that arise from the release of Angiotensin 2?
Definition
1. Artery constriction 2. Aldosterone is secreted 3. ADH is secreted 4. Stimulation of thirst 5. secretion of bradikinin (helps mediate pain)
Term
What hormone converts Angiotensinogen from the liver into Angiotensin 1?
Definition
Renin which is released from the kidneys
Supporting users have an ad free experience!