Term
| Anterior Pituitary gland, another name for it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone from the hypothalmus triggers release of HGH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone from the hypothalmus inhibits the release of HGH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is HGH responsible for? |
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Definition
| controls growth of body. it targets bone , muscle and adipose tissue. |
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Term
| Thyroid stimulating hormone, abbreviation for it is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats another abbreviation for HGH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone released from the hypothalmus triggers the release of ACTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of ACTH? |
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Definition
| Controls the secretion of hormones by adrenal cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of PRL? |
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Definition
| It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands of the female. |
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Term
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Definition
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
| How does FSH effect females? |
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Definition
| It stimulates the maturation of an ovarion follicle and ovum. |
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Term
| How does FSH effect males? |
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Definition
| It stimulates the maturation of sperm |
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Term
| What hormones stimulates the release of FSH |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What effect does LH have on females? |
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Definition
| It causes ovulation and increase of progesterone |
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Term
| How does LH effect the male? |
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Definition
| It stimulates the secretion of Testosterone. |
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Term
| What hormone released from the hypothalmus stimulates the secretion of LH? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that is secreted to cells that surround it |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that effects the organ it was released from. |
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Term
| What two hormones are released from the Posterior Pituitary Gland? |
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Definition
1. ADH Anti-Diuretic Hormone
2. OT Oxytocin |
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Term
| What happens when ADH is secreted? |
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Definition
| Targets the distal convulted tubules of the kidney. causes them to reabsorb H2O back into blood stream, controls H2O balance and increases blood pressure |
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Term
| What effects does Oxytocin (OT) bring about? |
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Definition
| Causes contractoin of uterus and milk release |
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Term
| Where is the thryroid gland located? |
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Definition
| Below the larynx and around the trachea |
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Term
| Hormone T3 is also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone T4 is also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of T3 and T4? |
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Definition
| They increase your Basal Metabolic Rate by increasing oxygen use by cells to make more ATP |
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Term
| What is the effect of T3 and T4? |
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Definition
| metabolilsm, body tempurature maintenance |
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Term
| What are the three hormones released from the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| 1. Triiodothyronine (T3) 2. Thyroxine (T4) 3.Calcitonin |
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Term
| What is the overall effect of the release of calcitonin? |
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Definition
| Blood calcium levels are reduced |
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Term
| What happens when calcitonin is released? |
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Definition
| stimulates osteoblast activity in bone cells, distal convoluted tubules (causes excess secretion of calcium into urine) |
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Term
| What hormone is produced by the Parathyroid Gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates the release PTH? |
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Definition
| decrease in Blood calcium levels. |
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Term
| What happens when PTH is released? |
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Definition
| activates osteclasts to release calcium in bone, causes proximal convulated tubules to reabsorb calcium back into blood, and promotes calcium absortion in small intestines |
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Term
| What is the overall effect of Parthyroid Hormone (PTH)? |
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Definition
| increases blood calcium levels |
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Term
| What two hormones maintain blood calcium levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two layers of the adrenal glands? |
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Definition
1. Adrenal Cortex (outer layer)
2. Adrenal Medulla (inner layer) |
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Term
| What two catecholamines are produced by the adrenal medulla? |
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| Chemically, what is different about norepinephrine and epinephrine? |
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Definition
| epinephrine is a norepinephrine molecule with a methyl group attatched. |
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Term
| What body parts do catecholamines target during secretion? |
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Definition
Catecholamines= epinephrine and norepinephrine
1. The Heart (for increased heart rate)
2. The Diaphragm (increased breathing)
3. Smooth Muscle (peripheral aterioles for increased blood pressure)
4.Smooth Muscle (Terminal Bronchioles increase depth of breathing) |
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Term
| What are two other names for the Posterior Pituitary Gland? |
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Definition
1. Neurohypophysis
2. Pars Nervosa |
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Term
| What is the outer most layer of the Adrenal Cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is released from the Zona Glumerosa of the Adreanal Cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Aldosterone? |
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Definition
| Targets distal convulted tubules, causing the reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes back into blood (increases blood pressure) |
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Term
| What is the middle layer of the Adrenal Cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is secreted from the Zona Fasiculata? |
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Definition
| Cortisol, it targets all cells, it raises blood sugar levels by glucogenesis (the making of glucose from non carb sources like fat) |
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Term
| What is the innermost layer of the Adrenal Cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is released from the Zona Reticularis? |
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Definition
| Supplemental sex hormones (estrogens and adrogens) that target secondary sex hormones. |
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Term
| Where could you find the Islets of Langerhans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell produces Insulin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would stimulate the release of insulin? |
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Definition
| increased blood glucose levels (i.e. after eating) |
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Term
| What is the function of insulin? |
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Definition
| to decrease blood glucose levels (i.e. moves glucose from bloodstream into cells and promtoes glycogen formation in liver and skeletal muscle. |
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Term
| What type of cell produces Glucagon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates the secretion of glucagon? |
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Definition
| Decrease blood glucose levels (i.e. fasting) |
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Term
| What is the job of glucagon? |
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Definition
| To increase blood glucose levels (i.e. causing the breakdown of glycogen and the release of glucose into bloodstream) |
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Term
| What hormone is produced by the Thymus gland? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
It affects the maturation of lymphocytes (T Cells)
Plays important role in the lymphatic system and immunity. |
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Term
| What hormone does the pineal gland secrete? |
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Definition
| Melatonin (production is stimulated by daylight) |
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Term
| What hormone does an ovarium follicle secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What body parts does Estrogen target? |
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Definition
| 1.Hair follicles in axillary and inguinal regions 2. breasts 3. adipose tissue in buttocks, thigh, and buttocks |
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Term
| What is the fuction of Progesterone? |
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Definition
| To prepare the lining of the uterus for zygote implantation |
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Term
| Which of these cells produces thyroid hormones? Follicular or Parafollicular |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of Diabetes makes the patient insulin dependent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does idiopathic mean? |
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Definition
| Unknown cause of the condition |
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Term
| What is the name of the condition where there is hyposecretion of HGH during growth years? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the condition where there is hypersecretion of HGH during adulthood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Diabetes insipidus |
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of ADH, symptoms are diuresis, dehydratoin, and thirst |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid Hormone Imbalance where there is hyposecretion of T3/T4 during fetal life and infancy, symptoms are dwarfism and mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid Hormone Imbalance where there is hyposecretion during adulthood. Symptoms are edema, slow heart rate, low body temp, dry skin and hair, muscle weakness, lethargy, and weight gain. |
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Term
| What terms are used to describe when a patient's eyes are bulging from there head? |
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Definition
| 1. Peculiar edema 2. Exopthalmas 3. Proptosis |
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Term
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Definition
| an ATUOIMMUNE DISORDER that cause hypersecretion of thyroid hormones. Significant symptom is exopthalmas |
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Term
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Definition
| low thyroid hormones due to lack of iodine, thyroid gland gets huge, but still functions below normal levels |
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Term
| Describe Cushing's syndrome |
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Definition
| hypersecretion of Cortisol due to a pituitary tumor or steroid administration. |
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Term
| Describe Addison's disease |
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of Adrenal Cortical hormones due to autoimmunity or disease (TB) JFK suffered from this |
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Term
| When blood calcium rises above normal, the thyroid glands secretes calcitonin to bring it back down. What two specific body functions occur when calcitonin is released? |
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Definition
| 1. There is an increase in calcium excretion in the kidneys 2. Calcium is deposited into the bone (via osteoclast activity) |
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Term
| When blood calcium levels become too low the parathyroid gland secrets PTH, What are the 3 specific actions that the body takes to rise blood calcium levels? |
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Definition
| 1. Stimulation of osteoblast activity 2. Kidneys reabsorb calcium 3. Stimulation of calcitriol production in the kidneys, and phospate is absorbed in the digestive tract. |
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Term
| What is the condition where there is kidney failure due the lack of Vitamin D3 production in the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of enzyme converts Angiotensin 1 into Angiotensin 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 things that arise from the release of Angiotensin 2? |
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Definition
| 1. Artery constriction 2. Aldosterone is secreted 3. ADH is secreted 4. Stimulation of thirst 5. secretion of bradikinin (helps mediate pain) |
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Term
| What hormone converts Angiotensinogen from the liver into Angiotensin 1? |
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Definition
| Renin which is released from the kidneys |
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