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English Sentence Types by Nuclei
Longacre & Hwang 2012 Appendix 7B (123-4)
15
Language - Other
Graduate
03/23/2019

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Cards

Term
I. Juxtaposition: 1. Paraphrase S
Definition
"It's the most beautiful place on the island; it's a veritable paradise."
Term
I. Juxtaposition: 2. Recapitulation S (with repetition of the verb)
Definition
"I went home; I went home to see what was really going on."
Term
I. Juxtaposition: 3. Echo Question S --aka tag question (with repetition of subject and auxiliary verb)
Definition
"You won't go downtown alone, will you?"
"You'll go right now, won't you?"
Term
II. Concatenation: 1. Coordinate S "...and..." (indefinite number of bases)
Definition
"I went over to Gaul, saw the situation there, and conquered it for Rome."
"I came, I saw, I conquered."
Term
II. Concatenation: 2. Antithetical S
"but/yet/only..." (two bases: thesis and antithesis)
Definition
"My horse is black, but yours is white."
"He spoke to her but she didn't reply."
Term
II. Concatenation: 3. Alternative S
"(either).... or..../ (neither)... nor..." (two or more bases)
Definition
"Is he coming or not?"
"We must try to better our lot in life, raise our standard of living, or do something to improve ourselves."
Term
III. Explanation: 1. Reason S "...for..."
Definition
"I gave in, for what else could I do?"
"What could I do, for there was simply no place to go."
Term
III. Explanation: 2. Result S "so"/"so...that..."/"too...to (Verb)"/ "because... therefore"
Definition
"The soup was very hot, so we couldn't eat it."
"The soup was too hot to eat."
Term
III. Explanation: 3. Equational S "be" (and others)
Definition
"The reason he can't go is because he's getting married."
"His main purpose is coming so that he can confuse the issue."
Term
IV. Implication: 1. Concessive S ("even if.... still"/"though...yet..."/"although...nevertheless..."/
Definition
"Even though things are bad, nevertheless they could get worse."
Term
IV. Implication: 2. Contrafactual S (contrary-to-fact condition) "if" + past perfect.... ("then")...
Definition
"Had he arrived, all would have been well."
"If he had seen the animal on the road, then he would have avoided it."
Term
IV. Implication: 3. Correlative S "as...so..."/"as many as... so many..."
Definition
"As Maine goes, so goes the nation."
"The more I run, the healthier I feel."
Term
V. Quotation: 1. Direct Quotation S
Definition
"He said, 'I am going downtown.'"
Term
V. Quotation: 2. Indirect Quotation S (with adaptation of the Quoted to speaker's viewpoint)
Definition
"He said that he would come here today."

"I thought that he would come here today."
Term
V. Quotation: 3. Indirect Question S
Definition
"He asked if you were interested."
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