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English Final
AP English
74
English
12th Grade
12/15/2009

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Term
Rhythm
Definition
Any wave-like recurrence of motion or sound (the natural rise and fall of the language); alternation between accented and unaccented syllables.
Term
Meter
Definition
The kind of rhythm we can tap our foot to or "measure" in poetry. We use the "foot" and "line" pattern of measured sound units recurring more or less regularly in lines of verse.
Term
Trochee
Definition
Metrical foot characterized by 1 accented followed by 1 unaccented syllable
Term
Anapest
Definition
Metrical foot characterized by 2 unaccented syllables followed by 1 accented syllable
Term
Dactyl
Definition
Metrical foot characterized by 1 accented syllable followed by 2 unaccented syllables
Term
Spondee
Definition
Metrical foot characterized by two accented syllables
Term
Monosyllabic
Definition
Comprised of one syllable
Term
Monometer
Definition
A line of verse with 1 metrical foot
Term
Dimeter
Definition
A line of verse with 2 metrical feet
Term
Trimeter
Definition
A line of verse with 3 metrical feet
Term
Tetrameter
Definition
A line of verse with 4 metrical feet
Term
Pentameter
Definition
A line of verse with 5 metrical feet
Term
Hexameter
Definition
A line of verse with 6 metrical feet
Term
Octameter
Definition
A line of verse with 8 metrical feet
Term
Iambic Pentameter
Definition
A line of verse with 5 iambs
Term
Stanza
Definition
A group of verse lines in a poem, which is seen as a unit
Term
Couplet
Definition
Two-line stanza
Term
Tercet
Definition
Three-line stanza
Term
Quatrain
Definition
Four-line stanza
Term
Cinquain
Definition
Five-line stanza
Term
Sestet
Definition
Six-line stanza
Term
Heptastich
Definition
Seven-line stanza
Term
Octave
Definition
Eight-line stanza
Term
Scansion
Definition
The analysis of a poem's meter, identifying the type of feet and then counting them.
Term
Blank Verse
Definition
Iambic pentameter that does not rhyme
Term
Free Verse
Definition
Not metrical verse; arranged in lines but no fixed metrical pattern
Term
Synecdoche
Definition
Figure of speech by which something is referred indirectly by naming only some part of it; where a part stands for the whole.
Term
Narrative Poem
Definition
A telling of some true or fictitious event recounted by a narrator
Term
Lyric Poem
Definition
Any fairly short poem expressing the personal mood, feeling, or meditation of a single speaker
Term
Aubade
Definition
A lyric poem lamenting the arrival of dawn to separate two lovers
Term
Blazon
Definition
A poetic catalogue of a person's admirable physical features
Term
Carpe Diem Poem
Definition
A quotation from Horace's "Odes," meaning "seize the day"; in other words "make the best of the present moment." It is a common theme in lyric poetry, in which the speaker of a poem argues (often to a hesitant virgin) that since life is short, pleasure should be enjoyed while there is still time.
Term
Apostrophe
Definition
A figure of speech in which the speaker addresses a dead or absent person, or an abstraction or inanimate object.
Term
Epigraph
Definition
A quotation or motto placed at the beginning of a book, chapter, or poem as an indication of its theme.
Term
Tone
Definition
The speaker's attitude toward the subject. Specifically identify it with an adjective.
Term
Auditory Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to sound
Term
Visual Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to sight
Term
Gustatory Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to taste
Term
Organic Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to the inside (heart or stomach)
Term
Olfactory Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to smell
Term
Kinetic Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to and describing movement
Term
Tactile Imagery
Definition
Imagery appealing to touch
Term
Extended Figure
Definition
A figure of speech extended for line or even pages.
Term
Metaphysical Poetry
Definition
Written by Donne and his followers; characterized by intellectual displays and concern with metaphysical, or philosophical, issues. Uses conceits and paradoxes.
Term
Paradox
Definition
Images or descriptions that appear self-contradictory but that reveal a deeper truth.
Term
Metaphysical Conceit
Definition
Extended comparisons that link objects or ideas not commonly associated, often mixing abstract ideas and emotional matters.
Term
Parallelism
Definition
The arrangement of similarly constructed clauses, sentences, or verse lines in a pairing or other sequence suggesting some correspondence between them
Term
Petrarchan Sonnet Characteristics
Definition
Divided into an octave (usually ABBAABBA)and a sestet (commonly CDCDCD or CDECDE). The octave presents a situation and the sestet a comment or the octave an idea and the sestet an examle, or the octave a question and the sestet an answer.
Term
Shakespearean Sonnet Characteristics
Definition
Reflect on various aspects of life, such as personal relationships, the passing of time, and the relationship between human beings and nature

1. 14 lines: 3 quatrains and 1 couplet
Problem or premise in 1st 12 lines followed by a turn/solution or conclusion in the last 2 lines
2. Rhymes with definitive rhythmic pattern, typically ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
3. Written in iambic pentameter
Term
Refrain
Definition
A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines
Term
Incremental Repetition
Definition
A line or lines are repeated with slight variations from stanza to stanza, advancing the plot of the narrative.
Term
Conventional Phrasing
Definition
Use of phrases that possess an understood meaning beyond the literal interpretation
Term
Rime Scheme
Definition
A pattern of rimed lines.
Term
Traditional Ballad Characteristics
Definition
1. Tragic incident in local history or legend-sensational, sordid subject matters
2. Often addresses a social cause or makes a good social statement
3. Narrative poem that tells a story simply and impersonally to the point of starkness
4. Often has a large component of dialogue, question and answer
5. May include supernatural events
6. Includes refrain
7. Omission of details
8. Incremental Repetition
9. Conventional Phrases-Understood to have meaning beyond literal
10. Strong simple beat-iambic tetrameter or trimeter
Term
Literary Ballad Characteristics
Definition
Literary Ballad stanza:
1. A quatrain
2. 1st and 3rd lines--iambic tetrameter
2nd and 4th lines--iambic trimeter
3. usually ABCB--2nd and 4th lines rhyme
Term
Joissance
Definition
Term used by postmodern theorists, commonly referring to parody, irony, and playfulness in embracing diversity and contradiction or rejecting rigid boundaries of high and low art
Term
Bricolage
Definition
Something made or put together using whatever materials happen to be available
Term
Metafiction
Definition
Fiction that deals, often playfully and self-referentially, with the writing of fiction or its conventions.
Term
Pastiche
Definition
A dramatic, literary, or musical piece openly imitating the previous works of other artists; a hodgepodge of incongruous parts.
Term
tone
Definition
Writer's attitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself
Term
First-person narrator
Definition
The person whose perspective is given by self-references through phrases including words such as "I", "my," or "our"; narrator tells about events he or she has personally witnessed
Term
Second-person Narrator
Definition
The person who is the main character of a writing and is referred to by phrases including the word "you"; narrator is speaking to someone else
Term
Third-person Narrator: Omniscient
Definition
Referencing to each and every character of a work with words such as "he", "she", "it", and "they". The narrator may know all information about a single character, but the author's knowledge is "limited" to that character; speaker is usually anonymous, emphasizing actions and speeches of others
Term
Third-person Narrator: Limited or Limited-Omniscient
Definition
Referencing to each and every character of a work with words such as "he", "she", "it", and "they". The narrator possesses omniscient knowledge of people, time, places, and events; speaker is usually anonymous, emphasizing actions and speeches of others
Term
Symbol
Definition
Anything that stands for or represents something beyond itself
Term
Diptych
Definition
A work made of two matching parts
Term
Allegory
Definition
A story with a second distinct meaning, partially hidden behind its literal meaning
Term
Willing suspension of disbelief
Definition
"I believe with ease." "Facile credo."
Term
Alliteration
Definition
Repetition of initial consonant sounds that are so close to one another: "rough and ready."
Term
Assonance
Definition
Repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together: "face" and "fade"
Term
Consonance
Definition
The repetition of final consonant sounds after different vowel sounds: "dig" and "dog"
Term
End Rhyme
Definition
Occurs at the end of lines in poetry
Term
Internal Rhyme
Definition
Occurs within the lines
Term
Onomatopoeia
Definition
The use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning: "clap, squish, sizzle"
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