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- Five pairs of ten syllable lines, rhythm.
- Each pair is known as an iambus |
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- nobility and excellence
- You can't inherit gentleness.
- You get it from gentle behavior.
- Those who defend. |
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| - Piece of text in poem that defends the poem. Chaucer uses affected modesty and feigns (tongue in cheek). |
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| - Invented by Chaucer, ababbcc, 7 lines. Comes in 16th century when James I succeeds to the throne and names it. |
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1. Veil as the Old Covenant. Jesus came to unveil the new covenant and show us what is beyond the law. Pharisees (human perception) is veiled. Veil conceil’s true nature of what is intended in a passage. Allegory is unveiling of what is hidden. Hagar as old, Sarah as new.
2. Adam Scrivegn – Veil of surface meaning unveiled through allegorical meaning.
3. Allegory is like a pilgrimage. Exodus allegorical journey through a text to get to the spiritual meaning.
4. Adam’s Scribe – correct the parchment of our lives. The act of mistakes in writing is like the fall.
5. Parson – allegory for good shepherd. |
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- exodus allegorical journey through a text to get to the spiritual meaning. Man’s journey to clean up life/ scribe editing/ pilgrimage.
- movement from one place to another- and then ones are given focus and directions when exodus is realized. |
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- The journey to Canterbury.
- A story within a story.
- Estates Satire in Parson's tale. |
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| Miracle of the Virgin *** |
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| – a theme/concept found with the Prioress. It appeals to virgins and the idea of pilgrimage since they are looking for “wonder”. Mary performs miracles (like her virgin birth) as the result of some intersession. |
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– Genre adopted by Chaucer that imitates satires of various estates, like Langland and Gower.
1. Estates are listed.
2. lament of failure of estates to live up to office.
3. organization of estates is divinely ordained. (as described in Parson’s tale).
4. Often lists solutions that have sought to correct the deficiencies of the laws in the three estates. |
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- St. Augistine
- Adam = higher intellect, reason.
- Eve = Lower intellect, passions.
- Serpant= worldly temptation, sense appetite. |
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- Favors emotion and passion over logic and reason.
- Pathos rather than reason.
- Attempts to induce emotional response from audience, examples grotesque imagery or melodrama.
- Realism in exaggerated forms.
- Focuses on optimistic good and essential goodness of human nature. Emotional response disproportionate to situation, uncritical feeling for normal judgments.
- Affected piety.
- Clerk and Prioress's tale. |
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- Rendering of marriage: old man, young wife.
- Character description
- Alysoun's small plucked eyebrows
- Absalon insignificant church position. |
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Literary sparring.
Introduced in Miller's Tale. |
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- Fabliau (Miller) is parody of Romance (Knight)
- Bravery, chivalry, and love
- Social life, opposite of ideals and goodness. |
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- Reeve - Miller
- Revenge.
- Wife in Reeve's is parody of wife in Miller's
- Character traits punished by revenge.
- Revenge overcomes justice.
- Reeve wants to avenge himself by disguising revenge as justice. |
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: a genre, tells the story of an exemplary life.
- Clerk's Tale,
- legende of Griselde;
- Chaucer's "Legende of Good Women";
- the Prioress' Tale is a legende in the sense that she's telling the life of the little boy (it is also Miracle of the Virgin) |
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- poetic form of self defense of literature within the literature. “The General Prologue” on Estates Satire.
-- self defense of literature within the literature.
- Chaucer uses affected modesty, he feigns (tongue in cheek).
- He says that he is sorry for not putting the people in the correct order- qualifying the idea of order that is within the estates and put them in the order he chose because he feels a person should earn their estate- do their job to earn the place- hierarchy
-- Fiction of CT is not fiction, once author authenticates work, he deauthorizes himself.
GP Estates Satire |
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(conquers all) the English = charity, meaning alms. “The Prioress’ Tale”.
- a term in Christian theology (one of the three theological virtues), meaning loving kindness towards others; it is held to be the ultimate perfection of the human spirit, because it is said to both glorify and reflect the nature of God.
- Agape: represents divine, unconditional, self-sacrificing, active, volitional, thoughtful love |
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- French
- Short
- Strong in style
- Comic
- Poetic, not prose
- about middle class
- ribald and obscenity
- represetnts sly/cunning satires of domestic life.
- miller, reeve, cook, friar, summoner, shipman, pardoner, host. |
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- a literary device in which virtue is ultimately rewarded or vice punished,
- often in modern literature by an ironic twist of fate intimately related to the character's own conduct.
Miller's tale |
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Christian stoic outlook
“Contempt of the World”, Latin. To consider a person or thing unimportant / I have no regard for.
Clerk’s prologue |
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| “The Prioress’ Tale”: A figure of speech wherein the speaker speaks directly to something nonhuman. |
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ironic sarcasm- saying one thing and meaning something entirely different
Sarcasm Imitates wife of bath
Clerk's tale envoy |
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- the eternal sense.
- Example: Exodus the journey to the ultimate freedom
Clerk's prologue |
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- focuses on the ethical lesson presented in the text, i.e., "the moral of the story
clerk's prologue |
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- "common language";
- as opposed to Church Latin, or learned speech with allegorical imagery;
- what the Host asks for in the Clerk's Prologue - plain speech. |
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- "remember your morality"
- the statue of seduction with the skeleton of Adam kneeling by Eve;
- From the Friar's Tale: the presence of the devil in the tale and then the final words of the Friar to remind the pilgrims that death is never far away |
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- term used by the Apostle Paul for an allegorical image.
- Also ensample or example, also meaning allegorical image.
- Chaucer uses a lot of figura in the Clerk's Tale this time around.
- Griselde is an allegorical image of the Lamb of God, the Virgin Mary, and Job.
- She is also allegorically or tropologically considered as a representation of constancy. |
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moral lesson or teaching; from latin sententia.
- A proverbial saying as in the Reeve's Tale, where they are misused and artless.
- Chaucer often uses sentence of a tale to reveal the teller's flaw, as in the Reeve's TAle and Prologue and the Prioress's Tale.
- The Host judges tales based on best sentence and solaas. |
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- pleasure; often the pleasure one gets from a tale. - The Miller's Tale is full of solaas.
- Fabliau genre is often focused on the pleasure of the tale.
- The Judgement on sentence and solaas is drawn from Horace's Ars Poetica. |
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- critical explanation of the Scriptures.
- The Wife of Bath exegetes (is that even a word?) or explains a lot of Bible passages in her Prologue, though she doesn't quite understand them.
- She dismisses the previous interpretations or exegeses of Clerks. |
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- making fun of a character or genre by imitating it.
- For example, the Miller's Tale is a parody of the romantic tale of the Knight, Alisoun is a parody of the perfect beauty (Emily from the Knight's Tale), and Absalon is a parody of the courtly lover.
- In the Reeve's Tale the miller's wife is a parody of Alisoun. |
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- Long poem in praise of mariage
- merchant |
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- Aristocratic culture, not tribal
- Courtly manners
- quest of knight to win favor of lady
- contain courage, freedom, and courtesy
- makes romance a narrative mode that represents and legitimaizes claims of noble class to rule and power |
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| - people should be free from passion and indifferent to pain/loss and satisfaction. |
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| Feigning to include information essential to the story |
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Illustrative story of a sentence
- 3 characters searching for death |
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Rhetorical questions:
- apostrophe
- personification
- anaphora
- impersonation
- synechdoche
-polysyndeton
-asyndeton
-chiasmus
-perihrasis
-"yolking"
-antanaclasis |
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- a reversal in the plot.
- ex. Pardoners tale when they stop looking for death just as they find it. |
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- a discovery in the plot of a story.
- ex. Pardoner's tale when the rioters find the treasure/death, but they don't know it, only audience does;
- & Knight's tale with discovery of Palamon and Arcite. |
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| overweening self confidence and pride |
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| inflation to create or reveal importance apostrophe personification |
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- genre where the story is prefigured in a dream.
- The Nun's Priest's uses this to blow up his tale into a mock-heroic and also in his re-working of the idea of the generation of poetry |
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- the author discusses an issue through the debate of two characters.
- Ex. Justinus and Placebo & Pluto and Proserpina in the Merchants tale
-Chauntelceer and Pertelote in the NPT. |
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- the Nun's Priest's Tale contains the fable story of Chauntecleer and Pertelote.
- characters are animals and it has a moral lesson (kinda like Aesope's fables?). |
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| Imagery in Merchant's Tale |
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- May as Eve in fruit tree (fruit = passion)
- Garden of Eden and fall
- May climbing on Januaries back as woman saddling and bridling man (inversion of allegory of fall, marriage of the soul) |
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