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| The scientific study of human language. |
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| The study of language structure. |
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| The formation and composition of words. |
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| The formation and composition of phrases and sentences from these words. |
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| A related branch of linguistics concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds and non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and perceived. |
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| How meaning is inferred from words and concepts. |
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| How meaning is inferred from context. |
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| Linguists describe and explain features of language without making subjective judgments on whether a particular feature is "right" or "wrong". |
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| An attempt to promote particular linguistic usages over others. |
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| Received Pronunciation. As spoken in English court. |
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| American English is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects used within the United States. |
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| British English is the form of English used in the United Kingdom. |
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| International Phonetic Alphabet. |
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| Captures as many aspects of a specific pronunciation as possible and ignores as few details as possible. Using the diacritics provided by the IPA, it's possible to make very subtle distinctions between sounds. |
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| Phonemic transcription: Ignores as many details as possible, capturing only enough aspects of a pronunciation to show how that word differs from other words in the language. |
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| The loudest syllable in the word. In one-syllable words, that one syllable has the primary stress Primary stress is marked in IPA by putting a raised vertical line [ˈ] at the beginning of the syllable. |
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| Syllables which aren't completely unstressed, but aren't as loud as the primary stress. Secondary stress is marked with a lowered vertical line [ˌ] at the beginning of the syllable. |
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| Syllables that have no stress at all. |
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| Complex vowels like which involve a movement of the tongue body from one position to another are called. |
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| Simple vowels like which maintain a relatively constantly position throughout are called. |
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| Small markings which are placed around the IPA letter in order to show a certain alteration or more specific description in the letter's pronunciation. |
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