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| A person who thinks knowing whether or not God really exists is impossible |
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| The ideal Victorian woman was supposed to be domestic and pure, selflessly motivated by the desire to serve others rather than fulfill her own needs" (LABL 2B1061). |
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| Novel depicting an individual's development from childhood to maturity, when the individual understands his/her role in society and either takes it on or prepares to do so |
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| The world’s first independent working-class movement,” which “called for sweeping reforms, including universal male suffrage, the secret ballot, equal electoral districts, and annual elections” (LABL 2B1060). |
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| Any fanciful, ingenious expression or idea, but especially one in the form of an extended metaphor." |
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| “Evangelicalism dominated the religious and often the social life of working- and middle-class Britons. Evangelicals practiced self-denial and frugality; they rejected most forms of entertainment as sinful or frivolous" (LABL 2B1056). |
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| Socially-constructed ideals of "masculinity" and "femininity"; for a middle-class or upper-class person in the Victorian era, strict gender roles determined appropriate behavior based on that individual’s biological sex—a male should be “masculine,” while a female should act “feminine.” |
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| The beliefs of a certain group that determine the group's attitudes and behaviors |
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| A sensational literary work or play that features stereotypical characters who have exaggerated emotional outbursts; a melodrama focuses on plot twists and action rather than characterization |
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| A recurrent thematic element—word, image, symbol, object, phrase, action." |
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| Founded in 1848, this influential group of writers and artists 1) defied artistic conventions; 2) rejected the current style of painting as being too academic; 3) wished to return to the spiritual art that preceded the High Renaissance master Raphael; 4) emphasized the sensuous, and 5) included mystical symbols in their works |
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| A governmental policy of non-interference in economic matters. |
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| "The faithful representation of life. Realism carries the conviction of true reports of phenomena observable by others." |
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| "Poking corrective ridicule at persons, types, actions, follies, mores, and beliefs." |
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| This theory applied Darwin's concept of the "survival of the fittest" to human society; proponents believed that "Only the fittest should survive in capitalist competition as well as in nature. […] this theory supported the apparent destiny of England to prosper and rule the world |
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| "A verse form of 14 lines, in English characteristically in iambic pentameter and most often in one of two rhyme schemes [...]. An Italian sonnet is composed of an octave [...] and a sestet"; the octave introduces a problem or subject, and the sestet offers a solution or comment. "A Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains and a couplet." |
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| "Something standing for its natural qualities in another context, with human meaning added: an eagle, standing for the soaring imperious dominance of Rome." |
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| The act of going beyond human experience and beyond the reach of ordinary, common thought and experience. |
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| : This was one of the dominant ideologies of the Victorian period. Utilitarians measured "all human endeavor by its ability to produce 'the greatest happiness for the greatest number'" (LABL 2B1057). |
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| 1) Time period from 1832-1901 in England encompassing the reign of Queen Victoria; 2) saw rapid and momentous changes in British politics, economy, faith, science, art, empire, and gender relations; 3) a rather conflicted era during which England's traditional, agrarian way of life was rapidly transformed into a modern, industrial one. |
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