Shared Flashcard Set

Details

English 1C
Midterm
24
English
Not Applicable
12/10/2004

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Cards

Term
OPINION
Definition
OFFERING ONES PERSONAL VIEWS ON AN ISSUE OR ARGUMENT
Term
ARGUMENT
Definition
A RATIONAL PIECE OF DISCOURSE. WRITTEN OR SPOKEN, THAT ATTEMPTS TO PERSUADE THE READER OR LISTENER THE BELIEVE SOMETHING
Term
INFERENCES
Definition
A CONCLUSION ABOUT THE UNKNOWN MADE ON THE BASIS OF THE KNOWN
EXAMPLE: WE THE PERSON DRIVING A CAR WITH MANY DENTS IS A BAD DRIVER
Term
FACTS
Definition
INFORMATION THAT CAN BE VERIFIED
EXAMPLE: FORTY-ONE PERCENT OF CALIFORNIANS WHO DIE ARE CREAMTED- ALMOST TWICE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE OF 21 PERCENT
Term
JUDGEMENTS
Definition
A JUDGEMENT IS ALSO AN INFERENCE, BUT A JUDGEMENT ALWAYS EXPRESSED THE WRITERS OR SPEAKERRS APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL
EXAMPLE:MATERIAL ON THE INTERNET SHOULD NO BE CENSORED BY THE GOVERNMENT
Term
ROGERIAN STRATEGY
Definition
"TO SEE THE EXPRESSED IDEA AND ATTITUDE FROM THE OTHER PERSONS POINT OF VIEW, TO SENSE HOW IT FEELS TO HIM OR HER, TO ACHIEVE HIS FRAME OF REFERENCE IN REGARD TO THE THING HE OR SHE IS TALKING ABOUT"
EMPATHY FOR THE OTHER POINT OF VIEW
Term
CONCESSION
Definition
RECOGNIZE THE MERIT OF THE COUNTERARGUMENT AND SO CONCEDE THAT POINT OR A FEATURE OF IT
Term
REFUTATION
Definition
PRESENT A COUNTERARGUMENT AND THEN EXPLAIN WHY THIS POSITION IS FALSE, MISLEADING, IRRELEVANT, OR WEAK; DICREDIT IN A WELL REASONED WAY
Term
CRITICAL THINKING
Definition
Logical thinking that draws conclusions from facts and evidence
*RECOGNIZE VALID AND VALID ARGUMENTS
*LOOK FOR FALLACIES THAT DETRACT FROM THE ARGUMENT
* ASSESS SOURCES AND EVAULATE INFO
* ASK IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
* NOT WORKING ON ASSUMPTIONS
Term
SLIPPERY SLOP FALLACY
Definition
CLAIMS THAT AN ACTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED BECAUSE IT WILL LEAD TO A SERIES OF EXTREMELY UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES
EX: WHAT SEEMS LIKE REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS ON GUNS WITH NO LEGITIMATE CIVILIAN PURPOSE WILL LEAD TO TOTAL PROHIBITION OF GUN OWNERSHIP
Term
POISONING THE WELL
Definition
MAKES AN ASSERTION THAT WILL INTIMIDATE THE AUDIENCE AND THEREFORE DISCOURAGE AN OPEN DISCUSSION
Term
STRAW MAN
Definition
CREATES AND THEN ATTACKS A DISTORTED VERSION OF THE OPPOSITIONS ARGUMENT
Term
PERSONAL ATTACK
Definition
ATTACKS THE PERSON REPRESENTING THE ARGUMENT
Term
HASTY GENERALIZATION
Definition
GEREALIZES FROM A SAMPLE THAT IS TOO SMALL OR IN SOME OTHE WAY UNREPRESENTATIVE OF THE TARGET POPULATION
Term
HASTY GENERALIZATION
Definition
GEREALIZES FROM A SAMPLE THAT IS TOO SMALL OR IN SOME OTHE WAY UNREPRESENTATIVE OF THE TARGET POPULATION
Term
FALSE ANALOGY
Definition
COMPARES TWO OR MORE THINGS THAT ARE NOT IN ESSENCE SIMILAR AND SUGGESTS THAT SINCE THEY SHARE CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS THEY SHARE OTHERS AS WELL
Term
FALLACIOUS ARGUMENT
Definition
PERSUASIVE BUT DOES NOT LOGICALLY SUPPORT ITS CONCLUSIONS
Term
BEGGING THE QUESTION
Definition
OFFERS NO ACTUAL SUPPORT; MAY RESTATE AS A PREMINE THE CONCLUSION IN OTHER WORDS
Term
APPEAL TO AUTHORITY, PITY, SNOB APPEAL, APPEAL TO FEAR,
Definition
EASY SHIT
Term
SPECIAL PLEADING
Definition
JUDGES AND LABELS THE SAME ACT DIFFERNETLY DEPENDING ON THE PERSON OR GROUP WHO PERFORMS THE ACT
Term
INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS
Definition
THE CONCLUSION WILL FOLLOW BY NECESSITY FROM THE PREMISES IF THE METHOD OF REASONING IS VALID
1. ALL MEN ARE MORTAL
2. SOCRATES IS A MAN
* SOCRATES IS MORTAL
GENERAL TO SPECIFIC
Term
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS
Definition
SPECIFIC TO GENERAL.
USUALLY MOVES FROM A GENERALIZATION TO A PARTICULAR, SPECIFIC INSTANCE OR EXAMPLE THAT FITS THE GENERALIZATION
P. 173
Term
EWWW CIRCLE GRAPHS
Definition
P. 184ISH
Term
EVALUATE A STATISTIC
Definition
CONCLUSION
SAMPLE
PROJECTED PROPERTY
TARGET POPULATION
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