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English 1020 Vocabulary
Vocab review
23
English
11th Grade
05/05/2009

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Term
Claim
Definition
Conclusion of an argument; what the arguer is trying to prove
Term
Claim of Fact
Definition
Asserts something exists, has/will exist(ed) based on data the audience will accept as objectively verifiable
Term
Claim of Policy
Definition
Specific courses of action should be instituted as solutions to problems
Term
Claim of Value
Definition
Some things are more or less desirable than others
Term
Warrant
Definition
General principle or assumption that establishes a connection between the support and the claim
Term
Deduction
Definition
Reasoning by which we establish that a conclusion must be true because the statements it's based on are true
Term
Induction
Definition
Reasoning by which a general statement is based on the basis of particular examples
Term
Hasty Generalization
Definition
Drawing conclusions from insufficient evidence
Term
Faulty Use of Authority
Definition
Failing to acknowledge disagreement among experts or otherwise misinterpreting the trustworthiness of sources
Term
Post Hoc/Doubtful Cause
Definition
Mistakenly inferring that because one event follows another, they have a causal relation; "therefore because of this"
Term
False Analogy
Definition
Assuming without sufficient proof that if objects or processes are similar in some ways, they must be similar in other ways as well
Term
Ad Hominem
Definition
Attacking the arguer rather than the argument; "against the man"
Term
False Dilemma
Definition
Simplifying a complex problem into an either/or dichotomy; 2 options
Term
Slippery Slope
Definition
Predicting without justification that one step in a process will lead unavoidably to a second, generally undesirable step
Term
Begging the Question
Definition
Making a statement that assumes that the issue being argued has already been decided
Term
Straw Man
Definition
Disputing a view similar to, but not the same as, that of the arguer's opponent
Term
Two Wrongs Make a Right
Definition
Diverting attention from the issue by introducing a new point; responding to an accusation with a counter accusation that makes no attempt to refute the first accusation
Term
Non Sequitur
Definition
Using irrelevant proof to buttress a claim; "it does not follow"
Term
Ad Populum
Definition
Playing on the prejudices of the audience; "to the people"
Term
Appeal to Tradition
Definition
A proposal that something should continue because it has traditionally existed or been done away
Term
Faulty Emotional Appeals
Definition
Basing an argument on feelings, especially pity or fear, often to draw attention away from the issues or conceal another purpose
Term
Evidence
Definition
Facts or opinions that support a claim - statistics, reports, personal experience, or views of experts
Term
Cliche
Definition
A worn-out expression or idea, no longer capable of producing a visual image or provoking thought about a subject
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