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ENGL 3312-01 History of the English Language Test 1
Vocabulary
25
English
Undergraduate 3
09/22/2014

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Term
Phoneme
Definition
The smallest speech unit that can distinguish one word or group of words from another. Ex. /f/ and /v/ because they distinguish fat/vat.
Term
Allophone
Definition
Predictable variant of a phoneme created by the phonological environment. This causes better to be pronounced bedder.
Term
Morphology
Definition
The combinations of stems and affixes to form words. ((un(like))ly)
Term
Morpheme
Definition
The smallest meaningful unit of a language. Unlikely has three morphemes un like and ly.
Term
Allomorph
Definition
Predictable variant of a morpheme or addition that doesn't change the meaning. such as 's or ed changing bark to barks and/or barked.
Term
Vowel
Definition
Vowel: A human speech sound produced without obstruction at a particular point in the vocal tract. All vowels are voiced. AEIOU
Term
Diphthong
Definition
A glide from one vowel position to another position in a single syllable. Toy is an example making the oi sound.
Term
Consonant
Definition
A human speech sound produced by a partial or total obstruction of air at a particular point in the vocal tract. The letter p is a consonant because its caused by a stop in the air at the lips.
Term
Semantics
Definition
The study of meaning in languages. Date can mean a specific day or to romantically court someone, semantics determines the meaning.
Term
Lexicon
Definition
The total inventory of morphemes in a language. For example my is a word in the English lexicon but Mein is not because it is a German word.
Term
Compounding
Definition
Combining two words to make one word. Example: Fly-Catcher
Term
Free Morpheme
Definition
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word. For example, Cat.
Term
Bound Morpheme
Definition
A morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to make a word. For example de must attach to a word to have meaning, Detest.
Term
Homorganic sounds
Definition
Phonemes sharing a point of articulation. P and B are Homorganic sounds because they are caused by the bilabial stop.
Term
Etymology
Definition
The study of the origin , history, or derivation of words. ex. The etymology of Cunning includes knowing it is derived from and old Norse word meaning to know.
Term
Syntax
Definition
The way in which words are arranged to form phrases, clauses, and sentances; the word order or structure of a sentence. For example, the syntax of the simplest English sentence is subject/verb. I am.
Term
Proto-Indo-European
Definition
The parent of all languages spoken in the European area and a few other places. Gave birth to all germanic languages.
Term
Common Indo European
Definition
The features of the ancestor language shared by all decendents of proto indo european such as germanic and celtic
Term
Common Germanic
Definition
The features of the ancestor language shared by all the branches of germanic.
Term
East Germanic
Definition
The now extinct branch of germanic branch of indo european that included gothic.
Term
North Germanic
Definition
The subdivision of the Germanic branch of IE languages consisting of Danish, swedish, norwegian.
Term
West Germanic
Definition
The branch of the germanic group of IE that english belongs, including german and dutch.
Term
Loanwords
Definition
A word adopted from another language or dialect. English uses fiance from french.
Term
Open class words
Definition
Words belonging to classes which new members are easily added. Nouns most languages are open class words because they are constantly being made and added.
Term
Closed set words
Definition
words belonging to categories in which new members are not easily added. Articles in english are a closed set, consisting of 3 words.
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