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The ability to do work
A scalar quantity associated with the state of one or more objects |
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| Energy associated with the motion of a particle |
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| Energy associated with the position and conservative forces of a particle (also considered stored energy) |
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| Energy transfer to or from an object |
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The Unit of Energy
1J = 1Nm |
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| Energy can be converted from one form to another but never created or destroyed |
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K = 0.5*mass(m)*velocity(v)^2
K = 0.5mv^2 |
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W = Force(F)*distance(d)*cos(theta)
W = Fdcos(theta) |
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W = mass(m)*gravity(g)*height(h)
W = mgh |
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W = -0.5*Spring constant(k)*displacement(x)^2
W = -0.5kx^2 |
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| Work Kinetic Energy Theorem |
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net Work = final Kinetic energy - initial Kinetic energy
W_net = K_f - K_i |
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| Measuring work with variable force given a graph |
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[image]
For a variable force, [image] or work is the area under the curve graphically. Remember area formulas from geometry |
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The rate of doing work
The change in work over the change in time
Pavg = delta(E)/delta(t)
Pinst = dW/dt
[image] |
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The Unit of Power
1W = 1 J/s |
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a force which allows two way conversion between KE and PE
Properties:
- It can always be expressed as difference between initial and final values of a potential energy function
- It is reversible
- It is independent of path and depends only on initial and final points
- When initial and final points are the same, work is zero
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| Nonconservative (dissipative) forces |
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| Force in which energy is lost to KE and PE |
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| Potential Energy Equations |
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- Conservative force potential energy
[image]
- Gravitational Potential Energy
[image]
[image] |
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| Potential Energy Curves in a graph |
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- Turning Point
- A point where the particle motion reverses
- Equilibrium
- A point where the particle does not move
- Stable Equilibrium
- Any movement away from this point results in a force back to it (PE is minimum)
- Unstable Equilibrium
- Any movement away from this point results in a force away from it (PE is maximum)
- Neutral Equilibrium
- Any displacement away from equilibrium results in no force (PE is constant)
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| Conservation of Total Energy |
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NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
[image]
Potential Energy_initial gravity + Potential Energy_initial system + Kinetic Energy_initial + Work_other = Potential Energy_final gravity + Potential Energy_final system + Kinetic Energy_final |
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