Term
| Sites of metabolism in cell |
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Definition
Cytosol: Glycolysis
Nucleus: DNA mRNA synthesis
Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis
Rough ER: Protein synthesis
Plasma membrane: Nutrients, solutes, electrolytes transport
MITOCHONDRIA: Fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle, electron transport |
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Term
| Digestion of nutrients into... |
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Definition
Carbohydrates -> glucose, other monosaccharides
Fats (triglycerides) -> glycerol, fatty acids
Proteins -> amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
Glycolysis: anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.
1 glucose = 2 pyruvate (yields 2 acetyl CoA)
Net gain = 2 ATP
To electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
3 carbon compound
Can be used to make glucose, glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
Easily converted to pyruvate
Can also convert up to glucose |
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Term
| Fatty acids to Acetyl CoA (not to pyruvate) |
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Definition
| Broken into 2-carbon fragments that combine with CoA = Acetyl CoA, goes to TCA cycle. Coenzymes carry hydrogens and electrons to electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
Enters mitochondria
Picks up a molecule of CoA. A carbon is lost as carbon dioxide.
Aerobic
Irreversible |
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Term
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Definition
Deamination first to remove N
1. Converted to pyruvate
2. Converted to Acetyl CoA
3. Enter TCA cycle directly |
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Term
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Definition
Anaerobic
Accepts Hydrogen from CoA
Quick ATP but accumulation of lactate in muscles |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Krebs
Inner compartment of mitochondria
Each cycle releases 8 electrons |
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Term
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Definition
Inner membrane of mitochondria
Synthesizes ATP |
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Term
| Why does fat provide the most energy per gram? |
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Definition
More carbon hydrogen bonds
More ATP = More kcalories |
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Term
| What happens to excess protein carbs and fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Low blood glucose levels signal |
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Definition
Fat breakdown to provide energy
Release amino acids from muscles (gluconeogenesis) for brain and RBC |
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