Term
| Aspartame has 4 k/cal like sugar, but it is... |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of 23.0-29.9 are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of 30 or higher are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of <18.5 are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 2013, what percent of men were overweight or obese on exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 2013, what percent of women were overweight or obese on exam? |
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Definition
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Term
| Problems associated with being underweight include... |
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Definition
| undernutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, and impaired immunocompetance. |
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Term
| Underweight people should gain body fat as... |
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Definition
| an energy reserve and nutrient storage. |
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Term
| Problems associated with being overweight/obese include... |
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Definition
| type II diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol (dyslipidemia), CHD, sleep apnea, etc. |
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Term
| ~50% of hypertension cases are due to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many times more likely is it for a person to get diabetes if they are obese? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fat that collects within the central abdominal area of the body (visceral fat). |
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Term
| Men, smokers and postmenopausal women are more prone to what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reflects the degree of visceral fatness in proportion to body fatness. |
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Term
| BMIs of 18.5-24.9 are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of 30.0-34.9 are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of 35.0-39.9 are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of 40+ are classified as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What body shape is best for the health of women? |
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Definition
| pear (fat around hips and thighs). |
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Term
| BMI is not appropriate for who? |
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Definition
| pregnant women and those younger than 18. |
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Term
| Men with a waist circumference at or above what puts them at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, etc.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Men of Chinese or S. Asian descent with a waist circumference at or above what puts them at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, etc.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Women with a waist circumference at or above what puts them at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, etc.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Women of Chinese or S. Asian descent with a waist circumference at or above what puts them at increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, etc.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal-weight fit people have the lowest risk of... |
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Definition
| death from chronic diseases. |
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Term
| What percent of people who lose weight maintain their losses? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3500 kcals is equal to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Change in energy stores is equal to... |
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Definition
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Term
| For weight maintenance... |
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Definition
| energy input= energy output. |
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Term
| Estimated Energy Requirements reference for men: |
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Definition
| 22.5 BMI, ~70 kg (dependent on height). |
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Term
| Estimated Energy Requirements reference for women: |
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Definition
| 21.5 BMI, ~57 kg (dependant on height). |
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Term
| What is basal metabolism? |
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Definition
| sum total of energy expended on all of the involuntary activities needed to sustain life. |
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Term
| Basal metabolic rate (BMR)... |
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Definition
| varies from person to person, depends on activity level, is lowest during sleep and positively correlates with thyroxin secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| people who are growing (children, pregnancy) and those who are physically fit. |
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Term
| BMR is also higher with... |
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Definition
| fever and illness, stress, hyperthyroidism, and enivornmental temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| fasting, malnutrition, and age. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Daily calorie calcuation for men. |
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Definition
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Term
| Daily calorie calculation for women. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anthropometry includes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ideal percent of fat on a man of normal weight is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ideal percent of fat on a woman of normal weight is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Stage 0 of Edmonton Obestity Staging System? |
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Definition
| patient has no apparent obesity-related risk factors, nor any physical symptoms, etc. |
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Term
| What is Stage 1 of Edmonton Obestity Staging System? |
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Definition
| Patient has obestiy-related subclinical risk factors, mild physical symptoms, etc. |
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Term
| What is Stage 2 of Edmonton Obestity Staging System? |
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Definition
| Patient has established obesity-related chronic diseases, with moderate limitations in activities if daily living and well being. |
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Term
| What is Stage 3 of Edmonton Obestity Staging System? |
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Definition
| Patient has established end-organ damage and significant functional limitations. |
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Term
| What is Stage 4 of Edmonton Obestity Staging System? |
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Definition
| Patient has severy disability/ies from obesity-related chronic diseases, and severe functional limitations. |
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Term
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Definition
| unpleasant sensations that signal the need for food. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the psychological desire to eat that can be experienced without hunger. |
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Term
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Definition
| perception of fullness that builds throughout a meal, eventually reaching a degree of fullness/satisfaction that halts eating. |
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Term
| Satiation generally determines what? |
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Definition
| how much food is eaten in one sitting. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the perception of fullnedd that linger after a meal and inhibits eating until next mealtime, supresses hunger. |
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Term
| What is sensory specific satiety (SSS)? |
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Definition
| the concept that we tend to get bored of a food as we eat it. |
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Term
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Definition
| an appetite-suppressing hormone produced by adipose tissue. |
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Term
| A gain of body fatness stimulates what? |
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Definition
| leptin production, reducing food consumption. |
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Term
| Does giving leptin to someone who is obese work? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the energy-yielding proteins, which is the most satiating? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins and fats trigger the release of CCK, which does what? |
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Definition
| slows stomach emptying and prolongs feelings of fullness. |
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Term
| Children with at least 1 obese parent have what chance of becoming obese? |
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Definition
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Term
| Variety influences animals, including humans, to do what? |
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Definition
| eat when they're not hungry. |
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Term
| Exercise for weight loss/maintenance. |
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Definition
| moderate activities, large muscle groups, longer periods of physical activity. |
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Term
| Exercise for building body mass. |
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Definition
| strangth-building exercises, balanced routine, increasing intensity. |
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Term
| How does smoking promote weight loss? |
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Definition
| nicotine blunts feelings of hunger. |
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Term
| If left unckecked, the breakdown of protein results in what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the body takes partially broken down fat fragments and combines them with ketone bodies. |
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Term
| As a result of ketosis, a healthy person can live totally deprived of food for how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ketosis upsets the acid-base balance of the blood, promoting what? |
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Definition
| excessive mineral loss in the urine. |
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Term
| Weight gain due to protein: |
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Definition
| excess amino acids have their N removed and are used for energy or converted to glucose or fat. |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids can be broken down for energy or stored as body fat with great efficiency. |
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Term
| Weight gain due to carbohydrates: |
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Definition
| excess sugars may be built up to glycogen and stored, used for energy, or onverted to fat and stored. |
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Term
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Definition
| slows down the body;s use of fat by as much as ~33%, causing more fat to be stored. |
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Term
| Rapid weight loss and excessive fat restrication can cause what? |
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Definition
| gallstones and dangerous electrolyte imbalances. |
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Term
| For those with BMIs of >35 who want to lose weight, calories should be reduced by how much? |
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Definition
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Term
| For those with BMIs of 27-35 who want to lose weight, calories should be reduced by how much? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| How much exercise is needed per day to prevent weight gain/ support weight loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| People wanting to build muscle are advised to eat how many extra calories per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| Surgery as a treatment for obesity is only allowed for those with... |
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Definition
| BMI of 40+ or BMI of 35+ and a coexisting disease. |
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Term
| What is a gastric bypass? |
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Definition
| restrictive and malabsorptive method to weight loss; stomach is split into a "mini stomach". |
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Term
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Definition
| an appetite suppressant that inhibits seretonin reuptake. |
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Term
| What does Orlistat (Xenical) do? |
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Definition
| inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipase. |
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Term
| Primarily girls and women suffer from: |
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Definition
| anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and EDNOS. |
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Term
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Definition
| disordered eating, amenorrhea (missed periods), less hormones=osteoporosis- essentialy menopause. |
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Term
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Definition
| an adaptation to strenuous physical training and is hazardous to bones. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a psychiatric disorder concerning obsession with building body mass. |
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Term
| Males account for ~5-10% cases of what? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an agent that causes vomiting. |
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