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| The movement of energy through a substance due to the movement of atoms within the substance; it occurs most commonly in solids but can occur in liquids and gases as well. |
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| The transfer of heat through the movement of the heated matter. It occurs as the result of differences in temperature and density, causing a liquid or gas to rise and fall. |
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| Also called potential energy, it is the energy that is stored in an object. |
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| When energy is moved from one form or location to another. |
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| A substance that has mass, occupies space, and is convertible to energy. |
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| The energy that an object has stored due to its position in an electric, magnetic, or gravitational field, or because of its chemical configuration. |
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| Electromagnetic energy emitted in the form of rays or waves from a source such as the Sun or a light bulb. |
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| When a force acts on an object to move it some distance. |
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| The height of a wave, measured from its rest position. |
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| The number of times that a sound wave is repeated within a specific length of time, usually one second. |
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| The level of a sound according to its frequency, |
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| Something that can be heard in the form of vibrations traveling through air, water, or some other medium; it consists of a range of frequencies that can be perceived by the human ear. |
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| The distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs of a wave. |
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| The energy that something has because of its motion. |
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| The sum of an object's potential and kinetic energy. |
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| Describes a machine's energy effectiveness. |
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| A measure of the increase in force achieved by using a tool. |
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| A device that helps someone do work more easily or more effectively. These devices are the inclined plane, lever, pulley, screw, wedge, and the wheel and axle. |
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| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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| States that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, although it can change form or location. The law also says that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant over time. |
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| Also known as an isolated system, it permits changes in form but does not allow the escape or entrance of additional energy. |
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| The amount of energy used to perform an action or do work. |
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| Any carbon-containing fuel formed from the decomposed remains of prehistoric plants and animals. These fuels include coal, petroleum, peat, and natural gas. |
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| An energy resource that cannot be used up. |
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| A natural resource with limited supplies; these resources cannot be replaced (also known as finite resources). Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy resource. |
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| An energy resource that is continuously replenished. These include sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and waves, and geothermal heat. |
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| Whether an energy resource can be maintained without being harmful to the environment or leading to the depletion of natural resources. |
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