Term
| Disorders of the parathyroid glands |
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Definition
primary hyperparathyroidism
secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
pseudohypoparathyroidism |
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Term
| Def of primary hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
| excessive secretion of PTH by parathroid glands that result in hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia |
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Term
| causes of primary hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
| benign adenoma (single one) MEN 1 (Werner's syndrome) and MEN II Exposure to irradation of head, face, neck medications: lithium, thiazides |
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Term
| SSx of primary hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
Painful bones - bone pain, bone Fx
Renal stones - nephrolithiasis
Abdominal groans - n/v/constipation
Psychic moans - depression
Fatigue overtones - loss of appetite, lethargy, |
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Term
| Labs of Primary hyperperathyroidism |
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Definition
| ionized Ca levels (high) phosphate levels (low) Alkaline phosphatase (high) PTH (high) IRMA assay - confirmatory |
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Term
| What Dz do u do an IRMA assay? |
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Definition
| Primary hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
| what are the indications for surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism? |
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Definition
- Markedly elevated serum Ca level
- life threatening hypercalcemia episode
- kidney stones
- substantially reduced bone mass |
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Term
| Def of secondary hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
| seen in chronic renal failure; hyperphosphatemia and reduced vit D produce an initial decrease in calcium --> leading to increase in PTH secretion |
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Term
| what is secondary hyperparathryoidism caused by? |
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Definition
- chronic hypocalcemia --> incr PTH secretion
- seen in chronic renal failure |
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Term
| in what Dz does the pt develop osteodystrophy? (hign bone breakdown) |
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Definition
| secondary hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
| Def of pssudohypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
| increased secretion of PTH, but have hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia) |
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Term
| what disorder is found in children |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the pathophysiology of pseudohypoparathryoidism |
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Definition
| abnml in renal PTH receptor adenylyl cyclase complex that produces cAMP |
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Term
| SSx of pseudohypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
cataracts
short 4th metatarsal
round face
intracranial calcifications
short stature
seizures |
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Term
| labs for pseudohypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
low serum calcium
high PTH |
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Term
| Tx for pseudohypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
| calium, phosphorous, vit D |
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Term
| def of hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
| low PTH --> low ionized calcium (hypocalcemia) and incr in serum phosphorus |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism? |
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Definition
| surgical (iatrogenic); inadvertent parathyroid gland resection from thyroidectomy |
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Term
| SSx of hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
Perioral numbness
increased DTRs
cataracts
defective teeth, loss of eyebrows
Chvostek's sign
Trousseau's phenomenon |
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Term
| Labs for hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
low serum calcium
high serum phosphorus
low PTH
* Hypomagnesemia requently accompanies nypocalcemia
* EKG - prolonged QRS and T wave |
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Term
| Tx for hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
calcium supplements
Vit D
Magnesium supplements |
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