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Endocrinology
Disorders of hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
22
Health Care
Graduate
11/03/2007

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Cards

Term
Disorders of hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Definition
Acromegaly and gigantism
hyperprolactinemia
Anterior hypopituitarism
Posterior hypopituitarism
Term
Def of Acromegaly and Gigantism
Definition
hypersecretion of GH
Acromegaly - in adult due to pituitary GH adenoma
Gigantism - in kids before closure of epiphyseal plates
Term
cause of Acromegaly and gigantism
Definition
usually result of somatotrope adenoma
- < 1% are malignant
Term
SSx of Acromegally and gigantism
Definition
frontal blossing
increased hand and foot size
mandibular enlargement; prognathism
widened space b/w lower incisor teeth
deepening of voice
macroglossia (enlarged tongue), sleep apnea, amenorrhea, oily skin, colon polyps
Term
Labs for acromegaly and gigantism
Definition
MRI
GH suppression test
IGF levels are high
Term
Tx for acromegaly and gigantism
Definition
transsphenoid surgery
radiation at tumor site
dopamine agonist: bromocriptine, carbergoline
somatostatin analog - octreotide
GH antagonist
Term
Def of hyperprolactinemia
Definition
hypersecretion of prolactin from pituitary
Term
most common functioning pituitary tumor
Definition
hyperprolactinemia
Term
causes of hyperprolactinemia
Definition
-Physiologic: pregnant, sleep, stress, chest wall stimulation, lactation
-Pathologic (pituitary stalk damage): tumor, trauma, empty sella
- Pathologic (hypersecretion) prolactinoma, acromegaly
Term
SSx of hyperprolactinemia
Definition
- Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility,
- Men: diminished libido, visual loss
- hypogonadism, wt gain, hirsutism
Term
Labs for hyperprolactinemia
Definition
MRI
Serum Prl level (>100)
- Pregnancy test, electrolytes, renal fxn
Term
Tx for hyperprolactinemia
Definition
Goal: normalize Prl to release effect on gonad, stop galactorrhea, preserve bone
Dopamine agonist - cabergoline, bromocriptine
Term
Def of anterior hypopituitarism
Definition
- Loss of one or more anterior pituitary hormones
- caused by either hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction
Term
most common anterior hypopituitarism in children
Definition
bone growth failure
Term
Most common anterior hypopituitarism in adults
Definition
lack of LH and FSH
Term
SSx of anterior hypopituitarism (depends on hormone lacking)
Definition
- ACTH def: reduces secretion of cortisol, testosterone, and epi (aldosterone remains intact); wt loss, hypotension
- GH def: short stature in kids; adults obesity, cardiac mortality (low Q)
- Prl def: inhibits postpartum lactation
-TSH def: causes wt change, secondary hypothyroidism, fatigue, weakness, hyperlipidemia
- FSH + LH def: hypogonadism and infertility; hyposmia, delayed puberty, loss of axillar, pubic,body hair, decr libido
Panhypopituitarism: apathy, skin changes
TSH
Prl
GH
Term
Tx for anterior hypopituitarism
Definition
replacement hormones
removal of offending agents
Term
Diabetes insipidus caused by..?
Definition
Posterior hypopituitarism
Term
Def of posterior hypopituitarism/diabetes insipidus
Definition
deficiency in vassopressin or oxytocin --> large amt of dilute urine
Term
causes of posterior hypopituitarism/DI
Definition
-Primary DI: autoimmunity against ADH
-Secondary DI: damage of hypothalamus or pituitary stalk by tumor, surgery, etc
-Vassopressin induced DI: enzyme destroys native vassopressin
-Nephrogenic DI: defect in kidney tubules interferes w/ water reabsorption
Term
SSX of posterior hypopituitarism/DI
Definition
- ADH deficiency --> DI - polyuria, polydipsia
- Oxytocin def --> lacation failure in postpartum women
Term
TX for DI
Definition
Vasopressin and Desmopressin
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